The Six Kingdoms Archaebacteria Fungi Eubacteria Animals Plants When Linnaeus developed his system of classification, there were only two kingdoms, Plants CLICK and Animals. A two-kingdom system was no longer useful. As light microscopes improved Biologists discovered a vast assortment of minute primarily one celled organisms. These organism were given a name protists and a kingdom of their own. As science continued to advance and better microscopes were developed as well as advances in biochemistry two fundamentally different kinds of cells were discovered…they are???...Prokaryote and eukaryote. All prokaryotes were recognized as a separate kingdom that contains all the bacteria. What about organisms like mushrooms and sponges, they appear like plants yet on the physiological level are like animals – they do not produce their own food. They too have their own kingdom – Fungi. In the 1970’s genetic testing showed that members of the Prokaryote kingdom were much more diverse. One bacteria seemed especially unusual. This bacteria was known as ancient bacteria and lived in only very extreme conditions. The DNA sequences showed that this bacteria was very different from all other bacteria.. So it was given its own kingdom Animals Plants Protists

How are organism placed into their kingdoms? Cell Type Aerobic/Anaerobic prokaryote eukaryote Motility The number of cells in their body Their ability to make food Name some characteristics that taxonomists might use to organize organisms into their kingdoms? heterotroph autotroph

Archaebacteria Archaebacteria are In 1983, scientists tool samples from a spot deep in the Pacific Ocean where hot gases and molten rock boiled into the ocean form the Earth’s interior. To their surprise they discovered unicellular organisms in the samples. Archaebacteria are found in extreme environments such as hot boiling water and thermal vents, under conditions with no oxygen or highly acid environments. Finding Archaebacteria: The hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA, were among the first places Archaebacteria were discovered. The biologists pictured above are immersing microscope slides in the boiling pool onto which some archaebacteria might be captured for study.

What characteristics do organisms in this kingdom share? Archaebacteria CELL TYPE # OF CELLS FOOD OXYGEN OTHER Prokaryote Single cell; Small size Cell Wall made of peptodiglycon Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Aerobic or Anaerobic Extreme environments

Eubacteria Most eubacteria are helpful. Some produce vitamins and Like archaebacteria, eubacteria are complex and single celled. Most bacteria are in the EUBACTERIA kingdom. Eubacteria are classified in their own kingdom because their chemical makeup is different. Most eubacteria are helpful. Some produce vitamins and foods like yogurt. However, these eubacteria, Streptococci, can give you strep throat! They are the kinds found everywhere and are the ones people are most familiar with.

What characteristics do organisms in this kingdom share? Eubacteria Prokaryote CELL TYPE # OF CELLS FOOD OXYGEN OTHER Single cell; Small size Cell wall made of peptodiglycan can be colonial Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Aerobic or Anaerobic Non motile or motile

Protists Protists include all microscopic organisms that are not bacteria, not animals, not plants and not fungi. These delicate looking diatoms are classified in the protist kingdom. Slime molds and algae are protists. Sometimes they are called the odds and ends kingdom because its members are so different from one another. Most protists are unicellular. Protists are not classified in the Archaebacteria or Eubacteria kingdoms because, unlike bacteria, protists are complex cells.

What characteristics do organisms in this kingdom share? Protists Eukaryote CELL TYPE # OF CELLS FOOD OXYGEN OTHER Single cell No cell wall Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Aerobic Non motile or motile

Fungi Some fungi taste great and others can kill you! Mushrooms, mold and mildew are all examples of organisms in the kingdom fungi. Most fungi are multicellular and consists of many complex cells. Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food. Most obtain their food from parts of plants that are decaying in the soil. Fungi are organisms that biologists once confused with plants, Known as decomposers, 100,000 known species Some fungi taste great and others can kill you!

What characteristics do organisms in this kingdom share? Fungi Eukaryote CELL TYPE # OF CELLS FOOD OXYGEN OTHER Multicellular Cell wall made of chitin Heterotrophic by absorption Aerobic Non motile Primary storage product glycogen filaments

Plants Flowering plants, mosses, and ferns. Plants are all multicellular and consist of complex cells. With over 250,000 species, the plant kingdom is the second largest kingdom. Plant species range from the tiny green mosses to the giant trees. You are probably quite familiar with the members of this kingdom as it contains all the plants that you have come to know – Plants are autotrophs – they make their on food photosynthesis 500,000 species Without plants, life on Earth would not exist! Plants feed almost all the heterotrophs on Earth. Wow!

What characteristics do organisms in this kingdom share? Plantea Eukaryote CELL TYPE # OF CELLS FOOD OXYGEN OTHER Multicellular Cell wall made of cellulose Autotrophic Aerobic Non motile Primary storage product starch Chloroplast

Animals Sumatran Tiger - The animal kingdom is the largest kingdom with over 1 million known species. Members of the animal kingdom are found in the most diverse environments in the world. All animals consist of many complex cells. They are also heterotrophs or consumers. Sumatran Tiger - Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum, Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Carnivora, Family Felidae, Genus Pathera, Species tigris

What characteristics do organisms in this kingdom share? Animalia Eukaryote CELL TYPE # OF CELLS FOOD OXYGEN OTHER Multicellular No cell wall Heterotrophic by ingestion Aerobic Usually motile Complex nervous system

Classification of Animalia Animals can be classified into animals without backbones (invertebrates) and animals with backbones (vertebrates). Invertebrates - Many classes. No need to remember all. Vertebrates - 5 major classes. Fishes Reptiles Birds Amphibians Mammals