GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1 In-class and distance learning Geospatial database of hydrologic features GIS and HIS Curved earth and a flat map

Six Basic Course Elements Lectures Powerpoint slides Video streaming Readings “Arc Hydro: GIS in Water Resources” Homework Computer exercises Hand exercises Term Project Oral presentation HTML report Class Interaction Email Discussion Examinations Midterm, final

Our Classroom Dr David Tarboton Students at Utah State University Dr Ayse Irmak Students at University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dr David Maidment Students at UT Austin

University Without Walls Traditional Classroom Community Inside and Outside The Classroom

Learning Styles Instructor-Centered Presentation Community-Centered Presentation Instructor Student We learn from the instructors and each other

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1 In-class and distance learning Geospatial database of hydrologic features GIS and HIS Curved earth and a flat map

Geographic Data Model Conceptual Model – a set of concepts that describe a subject and allow reasoning about it Mathematical Model – a conceptual model expressed in symbols and equations Data Model – a conceptual model expressed in a data structure (e.g. ascii files, Excel tables, …..) Geographic Data Model – a conceptual model for describing and reasoning about the world expressed in a GIS database

Data Model based on Inventory of data layers

Spatial Data: Vector format Vector data are defined spatially: (x1,y1) Point - a pair of x and y coordinates vertex Line - a sequence of points Node DRM Polygon - a closed set of lines

Themes or Data Layers Vector data: point, line or polygon features

Kissimmee watershed, Florida Themes

Attributes of a Selected Feature

Raster and Vector Data Vector Raster Point Line Polygon Raster data are described by a cell grid, one value per cell Vector Raster Point Line DRM Zone of cells Polygon

Santa Barbara, California http://srtm.usgs.gov/srtmimagegallery/index.html

How do we combine these data? Digital Elevation Models Watersheds Streams Waterbodies

An integrated raster-vector database

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1 In-class and distance learning Geospatial database of hydrologic features GIS and HIS Curved earth and a flat map

What is CUAHSI? UCAR CUAHSI – Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc Formed in 2001 as a legal entity Program office in Washington (5 staff) NSF supports CUAHSI to develop infrastructure and services to advance hydrologic science in US universities Unidata Atmospheric Sciences Earth Sciences Ocean Sciences CUAHSI National Science Foundation Geosciences Directorate HIS

CUAHSI Member Institutions 122 Universities as of August 2008

Hydrologic Information System Goals Data Access – providing better access to a large volume of high quality hydrologic data; Hydrologic Observatories – storing and synthesizing hydrologic data for a region; Hydrologic Science – providing a stronger hydrologic information infrastructure; Hydrologic Education – bringing more hydrologic data into the classroom.

HIS Overview Report Summarizes the conceptual framework, methodology, and application tools for HIS version 1.1 Shows how to develop and publish a CUAHSI Water Data Service Available at: http://his.cuahsi.org/documents/HISOverview.pdf

Water quantity and quality Water Data Water quantity and quality Soil water Rainfall & Snow Modeling Meteorology Remote sensing

Point Observations Information Model Utah State Univ Data Source Little Bear River Network GetSites Little Bear River at Mendon Rd Sites GetSiteInfo Dissolved Oxygen Variables GetVariableInfo GetValues 9.78 mg/L, 1 October 2007, 5PM Values {Value, Time, Metadata} A data source operates an observation network A network is a set of observation sites A site is a point location where one or more variables are measured A variable is a property describing the flow or quality of water A value is an observation of a variable at a particular time A metadata quantity provides additional information about the value

WaterML and WaterOneFlow Locations Variable Codes Date Ranges Penn State Data GetSiteInfo GetVariableInfo GetValues Utah State Data NWIS WaterML Data WaterOneFlow Web Service Data Repositories Client TRANSFORM EXTRACT LOAD WaterML is an XML language for communicating water data WaterOneFlow is a set of web services based on WaterML

WaterOneFlow Set of query functions Returns data in WaterML

CUAHSI National Water Metadata Catalog Indexes: 50 observation networks 1.75 million sites 8.38 million time series 342 million data values NWIS STORET TCEQ

National Water Metadata Catalog Synthesis and communication of the nation’s water data http://his.cuahsi.org Government Water Data Academic Water Data National Water Metadata Catalog Hydroseek WaterML

Texas Water Data Services Using CUAHSI technology for state and local data sources (using state funding)

Linking Geographic Information Systems and Water Resources GIS

Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources An ArcGIS data model for water resources Arc Hydro toolset for implementation Framework for linking hydrologic simulation models Notes: Industrial partners: ESRI, Danish Hydraulic Institute, Camp,Dresser and McKee, Dodson and Associates Government partners: Federal: EPA, USGS, Corps of Engineers (Hydrologic Engineering Center) State: Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Texas Water Development Board Local: Lower Colorado River Authority, City of Austin, Dept of Watershed Protection Academic Partners: University of Texas, Brigham Young University, Utah State University The Arc Hydro data model and application tools are in the public domain

Arc Hydro — Hydrography The blue lines on maps

Arc Hydro — Hydrology The movement of water through the hydrologic system

Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement

Arc Hydro Components Drainage System Hydro Network Time Series Flow Time Time Series Channel System Hydrography

Hydrologic Information System Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making Arc Hydro Geodatabase A synthesis of geospatial and temporal data supporting hydrologic analysis and modeling

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1 In-class and distance learning Geospatial database of hydrologic features GIS and HIS Curved earth and a flat map

Origin of Geographic Coordinates Equator (0,0) Prime Meridian

Latitude and Longitude Longitude line (Meridian) N W E S Range: 180ºW - 0º - 180ºE Latitude line (Parallel) N W E S (0ºN, 0ºE) Equator, Prime Meridian Range: 90ºS - 0º - 90ºN

Latitude and Longitude in North America 40 50 59 96 45 0 90 W 120 W 60 W 30 N 0 N 60 N Austin: Logan: Lincoln: (30°18' 22" N, 97°45' 3" W) (41°44' 24" N, 111°50' 9" W) (40°50' 59" N, 96°45' 0" W)

Map Projection Flat Map Curved Earth Cartesian coordinates: x,y (Easting & Northing) Curved Earth Geographic coordinates: f, l (Latitude & Longitude) DRM

Earth to Globe to Map Map Projection: Map Scale: Scale Factor Representative Fraction Globe distance Earth distance = Scale Factor Map distance Globe distance = (e.g. 1:24,000) (e.g. 0.9996)

Coordinate Systems A planar coordinate system is defined by a pair of orthogonal (x,y) axes drawn through an origin Y X Origin (xo,yo) (fo,lo)