University of Northern IA Presentation prepared by: Marilyn Shaw University of Northern IA This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 16 Participating in Groups and Teams Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Setting Goals Determining Roles Team Building Goals need to be clear, specific, challenging, and worthwhile. Determining Roles Everyone in the group must be responsible for something. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Leadership Leadership is an influence process that includes any behavior that helps clarify a group’s purpose or guide the group to achieve its goals. A leader is a person who is assigned or selected to take the leadership role of a group or team. Key functions: Initiating Organizing Maintaining effective interaction Ensuring member satisfaction Facilitating understanding Stimulating creativity/critical thinking Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

What Determines a Leader’s Success or Failure? Task Needs Maintenance Needs Needs related to the content of the job to be done and all behaviors that lead to the completion of it. Related to organizing and developing a group, so that members can realize personal satisfaction from working together. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Leadership Styles and Behavior Leadership and Task or Relationship Orientation Leadership and Power Distribution Initiating Structure—a dimension of leadership style that focuses on getting the job done (task-oriented). Consideration—a dimension of leadership that focuses on establishing good interpersonal relationships and on being liked by group members (relationship- oriented). Autocratic Leader who has control and makes decisions with little or no consultation. Democratic Leader who shares control and makes decisions in consultation. Laisssez-Faire Leader who is passive and usually gives up control so others will take over.

Task and Relationship Orientation

Group Building and Maintenance Roles Member Participation Help the group accomplish its task or objective Group Task Roles Help define a group’s social atmosphere Group Building and Maintenance Roles Counterproductive or destructive to a group and hinder group process Each group member should be responsible for recognizing and handling counterproductive contributions Self-Centered Roles Roles of Group Members Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Group Task Roles Initiator-contributor Information seeker Information giver Opinion seeker Opinion giver Elaborator Coordinator Orienter Evaluator/critic Energizer Recorder Tester of agreements Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

Group Building and Maintenance Roles Encourager Harmonizer Compromiser Gatekeeper Standard setter Follower Feeling expresser Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

Self-Centered Roles Aggressor Blocker Recognition seeker Self-confessor Dominator Help seeker Withdrawer Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

Problem Solving and Decision Making Determining and Stating the Problem Discussing the Problem and Its Solution Brainstorming Brainstorming via Technology Reaching Group Consensus Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Determining and Stating the Problem Select a topic State the topic in the form of a question Determining and Stating the Problem Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Discussing the Problem and Its Solution—Dewey’s Reflective Thinking Clearly identify the problem you are trying to solve. Do not start suggesting solutions until you have analyzed the problem. In the definition and analysis steps of reflective thinking, do not confuse the causes of the problem with its symptoms. Phrase the problem as a question. Appoint at least one member of the group to remind others to follow the reflective thinking steps. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Gouran’s and Hirokawa’s Functional Theory Focuses on how communication can help or hinder a group. Group’s success depends on these three factors: The first factor pertains to the task. The third factor pertains to the participants’ willingness to review and reconsider their decisions. The second factor pertains to how group members see communication to overcome any obstacles they may confront. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Brainstorming via Technology Reaching Group Consensus Technique used to generate as many ideas as possible within a limited amount of time. Brainstorming via Technology Sharing information and ideas via electronic brainstorming. Reaching Group Consensus Assumes that all group members have been able to express how they feel and think about alternatives. Three recommendations for reaching consensus according to Beebe and Masterson. Groups have a tendency to change topics and to get off track. Members should be other oriented and sensitive to all ideas. Promote group member interaction and dialogue. Photo from chapter 9 page 214 Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Managing Group Conflict Conflict and Group Communication Conflict Online Managing Conflict through Principled Negotiation A procedure that helps group members negotiate consensus by collaboration through the expressions of each differing need and a search for alternatives to meet those needs Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Ethical Behavior and Conflict Express disagreements Stick to issue Use rhetorical sensitivity Criticize idea, not person Base disagreements on evidence Be receptive to disagreements Remain calm Negotiate

Evaluating Small Group Performance Are we using our time efficiently? Does everyone have an opportunity to participate? Do some people dominate the discussion? Does each person bring adequate information and research to the discussion? Is the atmosphere free from personal conflict? Does the group communication stay within the agenda? Are members happy with the direction of the discussion? Chapter 14, p 428 © Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.