Carnotization of Rankine Cycle thru Regeneration

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Presentation transcript:

Carnotization of Rankine Cycle thru Regeneration P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Use of Entropy Carrying Vehicles …..

Reassessment Thru Carnot Model

Zone Heat Addition Leading High Entropy Generation

Irreversible Heat transfer process : Rankine Cycle External Irreversibilities in A Rankine cycle Flue gases Rate of Entropy generation in universe due to Heat addition: 3 1 External Irreversibility-1 8 1kg 2sv 2sl 7 T 6 Rate of Entropy generation in universe due to Heat rejection: 2 5 4 1 Cooling water e f External Irreversibility-2 S s

Look for More Opportunities to Reduce Wastage

Follow the Steam Path

Follow the Steam Path

Follow the Steam Path

Follow the Steam Path

Regeneration Using Partially Expanded Steam

Regeneration Cycle with Mixer (Open Feed Water Heater)

Synthesis of Rankine Cycle with OFWH 5 6 T 6’ 4 p2=p6 3 2 1 7

Analysis of mixing in OFWH Constant pressure mixing process h6 y Consider unit mass flow rate of steam thru the turbine h2 1-y h3 Conservation of energy:

Analysis of Regeneration through OFWH

Optimal Location of FWH

Comparison of Performance of Bleed & Condensing Steams hcond hbleed Pregen, MPa

Performance of FWH Cycle ~ 12MPa htotal pbleed, MPa

Performance of bleed Steam ~ 2 Mpa hbleed pbleed, MPa

Gross Workoutput of bleed Steam ~ 12MPa wbleed pregen, MPa

Workoutput of bleed Steam wbleed y pregen, MPa

More Work output with more bleed Steams wbleed y pregen, MPa

Progress in Rankine Cycle Year 1907 1919 1938 1950 1958 1959 1966 1973 1975 MW 5 20 30 60 120 200 500 660 1300 p,MPa 1.3 1.4 4.1 6.2 10.3 16.2 15.9 24.1 Th oC 260 316 454 482 538 566 565 Tr oC -- FHW 2 3 4 6 7 8 Pc,kPa 13.5 5.1 4.5 3.4 3.7 4.4 5.4 h,% ~17 27.6 30.5 35.6 37.5 39.8 39.5 40

Open (Direct Contact) Feed Water Heater

An Impractical Efficient Model for Power Plant Turbine B SG Yj-11,hbj-1 yj, hbj Yj-2,hbj-2 C OFWH OFWH OFWH C 1 ,hf (j) 1- yj hf (j-1) 1- yj – yj-1 hf (j-2) 1- yj – yj-1- yj-2 hf (j-3) n number of OFWHs require n+1 no of Pumps….. The presence of more pumps makes the plant subtle…

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Efficiency of Danish Coal-Fired Power Plants Continuous development resulted around the mid 80's in an average efficiency of 38% for all power stations, and best values of 43%. In the second half of the 1990’s, a Danish power plant set a world record at 47%.

Average efficiency, specific coal usage, CO2 emissions h Indian Coal Plants: Efficiency of modern coal power plant = 34-36% Efficiency of old power plant = 20-30%

Major Equipment in A Power Plant Steam generator Turbine Condenser Pump Feed Water Heaters