Curcumin attenuates ischemia–reperfusion injury in rat testis Si-Ming Wei, M.D., Ph.D., Zhi-Zhong Yan, M.S., Jian Zhou, M.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 91, Issue 1, Pages 271-277 (January 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.082 Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Malondialdehyde level (A) and xanthine oxidase activity (B) in rat testicular tissue in control, torsion–detorsion (T/ D), and treatment groups 4 hours after detorsion. Hatched bars show the ipsilateral testes; open bars show the contralateral testes. ∗Value significantly different from that of control group (P<.05). #Value significantly different from that of contralateral testis in the same group (P<.05). §Value significantly different from that of ipsilateral testis in the T/ D group (P<.05). Fertility and Sterility 2009 91, 271-277DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.082) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 The protein expression level of heme oxygenase-1 in rat testes in control, torsion–detorsion, and treatment groups 4 hours after detorsion. (A) Representative Western blot result of heme oxygenase-1. Lanes 1L and 1R = left (i.e., ipsilateral) and right (i.e., contralateral) testes in the control group; lanes 2L and 2R = ipsilateral and contralateral testes in the torsion–detorsion group; lanes 3L and 3R = ipsilateral and contralateral testes in the treatment group. (B) Quantitative analysis of heme oxygenase-1 Western blot data. Hatched bars show the ipsilateral testes; open bars show the contralateral testes. ∗Value significantly different from that of control group (P<.05). #Value significantly different from that of contralateral testis in the same group (P<.05). §Value significantly different from that of ipsilateral testis in torsion–detorsion (T / D) group (P<.05). Fertility and Sterility 2009 91, 271-277DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.082) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Rat testicular weight (A), mean seminiferous tubular diameter (B), number of germ cell layers (C), and mean testicular biopsy score (D) in control, torsion–detorsion (T/D), and treatment groups, 3 months after detorsion. Hatched bars show the ipsilateral testes; open bars show the contralateral testes. ∗Value significantly different from that of the control group (P<.05). #Value significantly different from that of contralateral testis in the same group (P<.05). §Value significantly different from that of ipsilateral testis in the T/D group (P<.05). Fertility and Sterility 2009 91, 271-277DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.082) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Testicular histology 3 months after detorsion. (A) The bilateral testes in control group and the contralateral testes in torsion–detorsion and treatment groups all indicated normal seminiferous tubular diameter, number of germ cell layers, and spermatogenesis from spermatogonium in the basement membrane to spermatozoon in the center of tubule. (B) The ipsilateral testes in torsion–detorsion group showed seminiferous tubular atrophy, reduction of germ cell layer number, and spermatogenous arrest. (C) The ipsilateral testes in the treatment group displayed normality of most seminiferous tubules and abnormality of a few tubules (arrows). All panels, hematoxylin and eosin staining (original magnification, ×100 in panels A and B and ×50 in panel C). Fertility and Sterility 2009 91, 271-277DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.082) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions