Modern World History Chapter 9, Section 3 Industrialization Spreads

Factors Contributing to U.S. Industrialization Resources that the U.S. possessed that allowed for rapid industrialization: Fast-flowing rivers Coal and iron Supply of laborers Immigrants People moving from farms to cities War of 1812: Britain blockaded the U.S., so the U.S. was forced to develop industries on their own

U.S. Textile Industry Prior to the War of 1812 the textile industry became the first one to develop in the U.S. In 1789 Samuel Slater brought by memory from Great Britain the plans for a spinning mill Pawtucket, Rhode Island In 1813 Francis Cabot Lowell mechanized every stage of textile (cloth) manufacturing Waltham, Massachusetts

U.S. Industrialization Expands Stock – shares of ownership sold by entrepreneurs to raise money for large business ventures Could raise money for the expensive industrial equipment needed Corporation – business owned by stockholders who share its profits, but are not personally responsible for its debts New technologies that assisted the growth of industrialization: Light bulb Telephone Railroads

Continental Europe Slow to Industrialize Continental Europe lagged behind Great Britain in industrialization due to the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars These wars halted trade, interrupted communication, and caused inflation

Industrialization in Belgium The first nation in continental Europe to industrialize was Belgium It had rich deposits of iron and coal, plus waterways for transportation Like in the U.S., the plans for the beginning of a textile industry were smuggled into the country

Industrialization in Germany Germany was divided by its political divisions (it was not one unified nation like others in Europe) Industrialization thus only happened in small pockets or regions Ruhr Valley in west central Germany industrialized first Located by coal and iron resources Good railroad transportation system

Industrialization Slow in Spain and Austria-Hungary Catalonia region of Spain processed more cotton than Belgium Other industrialization attempts were slowed in Spain by a lack of good roads and waterways for transportation Industrialization slow to develop in Austria- Hungary due to a lack of good transportation due to the Alps Mountains Both nations fell behind the others economically and became relatively weaker because of their lack of industrialization

Industrialization in Japan Japan had traditionally chosen to stay isolated from the rest of the world That changed in 1868 with the beginning of the Meiji government The government financed many new industries and pushed private investors to support these new companies (like Mitsubishi) This effort produced sustained economic growth which made Japan one of the most powerful nations on Earth

Industrialized vs. Non-Industrialized Worlds Wealth gap widened between rich industrialized nations and poor non-industrialized nations Industrialized nations needed raw materials form non- industrialized nations, then sold their manufactured goods back to them (non-industrialized nations became their markets) This led to imperialism – the process where industrialized nations extended their rule over these poorer nations

Industrializations Impact on European Society Europe gained tremendous economic power Industrialization revolutionized every part of daily life Life expectancy went up and health improved Population and wealth grew Middle class grew larger (lower class shrank) Democratic participation went up More education