Warmup 6/5 List the 3 most important of the Central Powers

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Presentation transcript:

Warmup 6/5 List the 3 most important of the Central Powers List the 5 most important of the Entente Powers Who won? What year did it start?

The Bad War You always prepare for the last war you fought. There were very few wars from 1815-1914 for Europe to study. This meant that countries came to World War 1 with VERY outdated views on war.

Legacy of the Franco-Prussian War The last major war was in 1870, the Franco-Prussian War. Prussia destroyed the French army with mobility. Superior use of trains meant the Prussian army moved 2x as fast and outflanked France in every battle.

Legacy of the Franco-Prussian War The lessons of the war taught Europe a few things: Trains and speed were the key. Only by aggressively attacking could you win. The war would be short. The first to mobilize would have a huge advantage.

The Problem with Trains Every nation was afraid of getting beaten to mobilization. In most of Europe, it only took about 3-4 days for your army to get ready and arrive at a border at partial strength. If you delayed, you might already be beaten.

The War Plans Everyone thought the war would be over in 4 months. Every nation had a plan to end the war that quickly. They all failed.

Germany: The Schlieffen Plan https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=uMRlSRRj0FI

France: Plan XVII (17) France: https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=H6p9pzsLwVQ (17:00-19:00) (22:45-24:40)

The standard method for attacking a position was still the infantry charge. But three critical technologies were invented that made that rather hard.

Machine Guns

Barbed Wire

Artillery Pre-war artillery https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=MjUjYR -hbY0 (0:55) Ww1 artillery https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=IUQpSi G0yuw

Trenches After the failure of the war plans, both fronts turned into a series of “trenches” A trench is just a hole in the ground. Over 30 million men would live in these holes and 4 million would die in them over the next 4 years.

Trenches While horrible to live in, trenches were very hard to take. Defensive weapon technology had grown dramatically. Offensive tech or tactics hadn’t yet caught up.

How do you take a trench?

https://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=XO wsvDQiVJI Trench Warfare https://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=XO wsvDQiVJI (1:50)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VX3fDlR-SDw

Airplanes Losses among pilots were horrible. 1 in every 3 pilots to serve on the Western Front died.

FUN FACT How long did it take for people to start putting parachutes in planes? The parachute would not be given to German pilots until 1918, the last year of the war. The allies wouldn’t get them until after the war

FUN FACT By the end of the war, the English and French had built around 6500 tanks between them. How many did the Germans build? 20

Flamethrowers Used to clear trenches. First used by the Germans in 1916. Could shoot fire around 20 yards.

Shell Shock https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=yQD7ffTIhTM https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=IWHbF5jGJY0

Shell Shock Many soldiers suffered an anxiety disorder known as shell shock. Similar to PTSD or Combat Fatigue. For many, it was completely debilitating.