The Human Body: Anatomical Regions, Directions, and Body Cavities

Bell Work Define the following using your red book Superior inferior Anterior posterior Medial lateral Proximal Distal Caudal Cranial

Standard Outline the gross normal structure and function of all body systems and summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order to relate signs and symptoms of common diseases and disorders associated with each. integumentary and lymphatic systems nervous and musculoskeletal systems cardiovascular and respiratory systems digestive and urinary systems reproductive and endocrine systems

At the conclusion of this lesson I CAN: Model the anatomical position Differentiate between various directional terms and model their position Identify the body cavity to which various organs are located https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvHWnJwBkmo

Why do we need to learn body directions?

Anatomical Position Body erect Feet slightly apart Palms facing forward Thumbs point away from body Figure 1.7a

Medial Toward the midline of the body Lateral Away from the midline of the body Proximal Toward a reference point (extremity) Distal Away from a reference point (extremity) Inferior Lower or below Superior Upper or above Cephalad or Cranial Head Caudal or Caudad Tail, tail end Anterior Toward the front Posterior Toward the back Dorsal Ventral

Directional Terms Table 1.1

Directional Terms Table 1.1

Positions of the body Prone: Position of lying on the anterior part of the body Supine: Position of lying on the posterior part of the body.

PARTNERS 1 Lateral to the heart Proximal to the knee Inferior to the neck On the anterior side of the body Distal to the elbow Posterior side of the hand

Partners 2 Inferior to the heart Distal to the knee On the posterior side of the neck Medial to the lungs Superior to the waist On the anterior side of the arm

SOCRATIVE

Body Planes Sagittal – divides the body into right and left parts Frontal or coronal – divides the body into anterior and posterior parts Transverse or horizontal (cross section) – divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Body Planes and Sections The body may be sectioned (cut) along a flat surface called a plane. The three most common planes are: Sagittal (Median) plane (cuts body into left & right) Frontal (coronal) plane (cuts body into front & back) Transverse plane (cross section) (cuts body into superior & inferior parts) Sagittal – think twins

Body Planes Figure 1.8

Body Planes and Sections Which plane could be used to separate the hemispheres of the brain? the top and bottom of the kidney? Which plane could be used to separate the anterior and posterior parts of the body? Use full sentences

Body Planes and Sections Which plane could be used to separate the hemispheres of the brain? sagittal the top and bottom of the kidney? transverse The anterior and posterior parts of the body? frontal Use full sentences