LEARNING Conditioning Classical What are some habits that you do everyday? - - Eating, brushing teeth, setting alarm clock before you go to bed. Why do you do these habit? -- We’ll talk more about that in detail in this chapter. On how you learn things and why.

Stimulus- Something that produces a reaction Classical Conditioning- a simple form of learning in which one stimulus calls forth the response.

Classical Conditioning Classical condition is learning by association it is sometimes called “reflexive learning” The Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov, and his dog circa 1905 Discovered Classical Conditioning by chance. So, Pavlov decided to look into this idea.

Pavlov’s Dogs The stimulus Pavlov chose was the ringing of a bell. Half a second after the bell rang, meat powder was placed on the dogs’ tongue. The dogs salivated & Pavlov repeated several times. After several pairings of the meat and the bell, Pavlov changed the procedure: he sounded the bell but didn’t follow the bell with meat Yet the dogs salivated anyway- they had learned to salivate in response to the bell alone.

Pavlov’s Experiment

Analysis of Pavlov’s Study

Any of you have dogs. Do your dogs do this. When you move bag of food Any of you have dogs? Do your dogs do this? When you move bag of food. When you walk in the door? What is their response? Why do you think that is? Its because they associate noise with food, or you coming home.

Unconditioned Response (UCR)- the automatic response. (not trained) Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)- a stimulus that causes a response that is automatic, not learned. (not trained) Ex. Meat that causes salivation Unconditioned Response (UCR)- the automatic response. (not trained) Ex. Salivating

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)- a learned stimulus. (trained) The bell Conditioned Response (CR)- a learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral, or meaningless. (trained) Salivating in response to a bell

Classical Conditioning Association: the KEY element in classical conditioning Any stimulus can be paired with another to make an association if it is done in the correct way

Classical Conditioning Terminology of Classical Conditioning UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS - - stimulus that causes a response that is automatic, not learned. example: Meat UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE - - an automatic response example: Salivating CONDITIONED STIMULUS - - learned stimulus; thru association. example: Bell CONDITIONED RESPONSE - - is a learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or meaningless.

Classical Conditioning Certain stimuli can elicit a reflexive response Air puff produces an eye-blink Smelling a grilled steak can produce salivation

Importance of Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is involved in many of our behaviors wherever stimuli are paired together over time we come to react to one of them as if the other were present + =

Everyday Classical Conditioning Works with shopping. Go to Shoe Carnival and watch what happens when the wheel is spun and the person comes over the loud speaker. Cost conscious shoppers will make a beeline to that aisle to get a deal whether they need it or not.

Classical Conditioning Cont. Classical Conditioning in Advertising: Hair Commercials Wheaties Boxes Food Commercials Shoes/Apparel Ads always associating something to try to sell their product. For example: Eva longoria is beautiful and she has gorgeous hair - - she is paired up with Loreal hair color - - so people associate Loreal products with giving you gorgeous hair.

EMOTIONS Perhaps the strongest application of classical conditioning involves emotion. a particular song is played and you immediately think of a particular place and time a particular cologne is smelled and you immediately think of a somebody who wore that cologne. If you ever experienced something traumatic in your life.

Taste Aversions A learned avoidance of a particular food. Anybody have any examples of a food they just absolutely hate. Why do you hate it? Did you have a bad experience with it? Give example of Kamryn. She use to eat anything in sight. But one time she had mashed potatoes and got sick later in the night. Now she will not touch mashed potatoes. Even if you trick her. Because she coorelates getting sick with mashed potatoes. Another example of taste aversions would be what your parents eat. A lot of times you pick up the same habits as your parents because they exposed you to certain foods.

& Spontaneous Recovery EXTINCTION & Spontaneous Recovery When the conditioned stimulus is disconnected from the unconditioned stimulus. The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed.

Generalization The act of responding in the same ways to stimuli that seem to be similar, even if they are not. Example: girl breaks guy’s heart… he now hates all girls. Little Albert- was afraid of all white furry things

Discrimination Act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other. Although both might be fury baby would be able to discriminate between the two

FEARS Flooding Systematic Desensitization

Counter Conditioning Pleasant stimulus paired repeatedly with Fearful one Counteracts the fear!

Latent Learning– remains hidden until needed Observational

VIOLENCE Effects? Future? What to Do?