AP World History Chapter 19

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Presentation transcript:

AP World History Chapter 19 Islamic Gunpowder Empires

Ottoman & Safavids P.E.R.S.I.A

Political Defeat of the Seljuks by the Mongols makes it possible for the Ottoman Turks to emerge and Dominate. The Sultans and their Court use factions against each other to maintain power. Vizier oversees a large portion of the Bureaucracy. Ottoman decline begins in the 1600’s with the defeat at the Siege of Vienna, (1529, 1683). Decline because they are over extended, infrastructure is insufficient, and the empire was built on conquest. Decline caused also by regional leaders divert revenue. Janissaries stop military innovation. Safavids defeated by Ottomans in 1514. 1529

Economic Constantinople becomes the Commercial center of the Islamic world. The Turkish government controls trade, crafts and Artisan guilds. (Government Monopoly)

Religion Sufi preachers, mystics spread Islam. Shi’ism modified and spread to entire empire of the Ottomans.

Social State geared to warfare and expansion. Turkic horsemen become warrior nobility. Janissary infantry Conscripted youth from conquered peoples.

Intellectual Constantinople restored and a flowering of Ottoman culture occurs. The Suleymaniye mosque is built in the 16th century. Elites support massive building projects, i.e. Mosques.

Area Expansion into Middle East, North Africa, Balkans in Europe, and Dominate Mediterranean. Portuguese outflank Middle East trade Sail around Africa into Indian Ocean Victories over Muslim navies.

Decline Inflation caused by New World bullion hurt the Ottomans. Comes at same time as loss of revenue from control of trade. Siege of Vienna 1683. (Epic Fail)

Geography , location and Mongol invasion of Safavids Compare and Contrast Ottomans Safavids Warrior Aristocracies Rural estates of rich Imperial workshops Artisans patronized International trade Women lose freedom Warrior Aristocracies Rural estates of rich Imperial workshops Artisans patronized International trade Women lose freedom Geography , location and Mongol invasion of Safavids Is the big difference.

Mughal P.E.R.S.I.A

Political Babur is driven from Afghanistan and invades India in 1526. Defeats Muslim Lodi dynasty. Defeats Hindu Confederation. Akbar reconciles with Hindus. How?

Economic Akbar interested in Indian Ocean trade. Welcomed foreign trade. Items traded, Horses and Bullion. Produced Cotton and Silk Textiles.

Religion Akbar creates a new religion Din-i-Ilahi to try and reconcile with Hindus. Din-i-Ilahi is a blend of Islam and Hinduism. It teaches Toleration.

Social Mix of Islamic beliefs and the Caste System.

Inellectual

Area

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