THE CIVIL WAR

Review MD, DE, KY, WV, and MO were considerd border states because they were _______________ states that stayed in the Union. What were the 3 parts of the Union’s Anaconda Plan to defeat the Confederacy? What new technologies revolutionized warfare in the Civil War? The Battle of _____________ is considered the bloodiest single day in US war history. Why did Lincoln fire McClellan as Commander of the Union Army?

Review MD, DE, KY, WV, and MO were considerd border states because they were _______________ states that stayed in the Union. Slave What were the 3 parts of the Union’s Anaconda Plan to defeat the Confederacy? Blockade southern ports - cut off trade Control MS River - divide Confederacy in half, stop transportation on the river Capture Richmond – Confederate capital What new technologies revolutionized warfare in the Civil War? Ironclad ships, rifles, trenches, hand grenades, mines, telegraph The Battle of _____________ is considered the bloodiest single day in US war history. Antietam Why did Lincoln fire McClellan as Commander of the Union Army? Too cautious – didn’t pursue Confederate forces after Antietam

THE POLITICS OF WAR

How the Emancipation Proclamation Worked – Stuff You Missed in History Class Before the Emancipation Proclamation, how did Union troops justify freeing slaves in areas they conquered? What was Lincoln’s goal when the Civil War started? What was 1 reason why the Confederacy believed GB would support them and not the Union? Why couldn’t GB support the Confederacy? On what date did the Emancipation Proclamation take effect? Why were some cabinet members opposed to the Emancipation Proclamation? Why did some critics claim the Emancipation Proclamation was unconstitutional and illegal? Why did the Emancipation Proclamation displease abolitionists? Why was the Emancipation Proclamation written in present tense, not future tense? How did the Emancipation Proclamation change views of poor and non- slave holding Southerners about the war’s purpose?

How the Emancipation Proclamation Worked – Stuff You Missed in History Class Before the Emancipation Proclamation, how did Union troops justify freeing slaves in areas they conquered? When an area is conquered during wartime, the victorious army acquires all of the property. Slaves = “property” When the Union captured Confederate areas, they acquired all of the slaves and could free them. What was Lincoln’s goal when the Civil War started? To preserve the Union, not end slavery

How the Emancipation Proclamation Worked – Stuff You Missed in History Class What was 1 reason why the Confederacy believed GB would support them and not the Union? GB relied on southern cotton GB hostile with US - still salty over the War of 1812 and US/Canada border disputes Why couldn’t GB support the Confederacy? When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued, the war’s focus switched to fighting over slavery. GB had abolished slavery decades before the Civil War, thus couldn’t justify supporting the Confederacy and slavery. On what date did the Emancipation Proclamation take effect? January 1, 1863.

How the Emancipation Proclamation Worked – Stuff You Missed in History Class Why were some cabinet members opposed to the Emancipation Proclamation? Some cabinet members feared that freed slaves would massacre plantation owners and cause general chaos (which would be bad when/if southern states were admitted back into the Union). Also, some feared that the E.P. (and the Civil War in general) would cause a flood of freed blacks into the north to take poor whites’ jobs. Why did some critics claim the Emancipation Proclamation was unconstitutional and illegal? Some critics claimed that Lincoln was acting out of his jurisdiction (realm of power) because technically the Confederacy was a different country, thus doesn’t have to follow and is not subject to foreign laws or proclamations. Why did the Emancipation Proclamation displease abolitionists? Not all slaves were freed, only those in the Confederate states. Border states were allowed to keep slavery, and actually ended up heavily resisting abolition after the Civil War.

How the Emancipation Proclamation Worked – Stuff You Missed in History Class Why was the Emancipation Proclamation written in present tense, not future tense? Lincoln wanted the Emancipation Proclamation to be immediate and garner attention. Demanding that slaves be freed in the future was not bold enough. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change views of poor and non-slave holding Southerners about the war’s purpose? Poor and non-slave holding southerners were not all pro-slavery… they could be supporting the Confederacy for other reasons. When the focus of the war switched to slavery, they felt like they were dying for a cause that didn’t matter to them.

Foreign Aid? Both sides believed Great Britain would give aid. Confederacy – GB needs our cotton Union – GB abolished slavery, cannot support Confederacy in a war that is partially over slavery GB declared neutrality. Found other cotton supplies (India) and the blockade made It impossible to trade anyway Could not support slavery

Lincoln and Slavery Lincoln morally disagreed with slavery BUT didn’t believe it was within the federal government’s power to abolish it where it already existed. Lincoln claimed he waged war to preserve the Union. BUT maybe he could use his power as Commander-in- Chief to use emancipation as a WEAPON! “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery.” - Lincoln

Emancipation as a Weapon Confederacy’s economic and military success relied on slave labor. Emancipation of southern slaves could be a weapon for the Union. Slaves would rebel in Confederate states and possibly help Union Great Britain might agree to help Union because agreed with abolition. Lincoln wouldn’t be acting in his capacity as POTUS, he didn’t believe the POTUS could abolish slavery alone. He would use his military power as Commander-in-Chief to emancipate Confederate slaves to weaken the South.

Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863; freed all slaves in Confederate states not occupied by Union troops DID NOT emancipate slaves in slave states still in the Union DID NOT emancipate slaves in areas in the south occupied by Union troops Allowed free blacks to enlist in the Union army

Reactions to the Emancipation Proclamation Symbolic importance Freed only a portion of slaves Allowed Lincoln to use the military power of Commander in Chief to take a stand on slavery – “to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy” Even though Lincoln claimed he didn’t want an end to all slavery, many people believed this made the war a war over slavery. Union – divided Northern Democrats - this will cause a prolonged war Strengthened support for the war from abolitionists Not all northerners or Union soldiers were abolitionists, but reluctantly supported it if it was going to save the Union Confederacy – outraged As a separate nation, they didn’t have to free any slaves – viewed the proclamation an attempt to take away private property Became more devoted to fighting against the Union

The Reality of the Emancipation Proclamation

Both Sides Faced Political Problems Neither side was completely unified during the Civil War. Union supporters in the Confederacy. Confederate supporters in the Union. How should the governments handle dissent? How can each government ensure a steady supply of men to fight in their armies?

Dealing with Dissent Dissent – disagreement, criticism Lincoln suspended habeas corpus during the Civil War. The right NOT to be held without evidence of a crime or the possibility of a trial Guaranteed in the Constitution, however in times of national crisis, presidents have been known to suspend it. Gave Union authorities to jail anyone without having to actually charge them with a crime or give them a trial. Over 13,000 Confederate supporters were held in the Union without a trial Copperheads were also held (Northern Democrats who urged compromise with the Confederacy)

Drafting Most soldiers on both sides were volunteers, but soon both armies needed more men. Conscription –drafting of citizens to serve in military Due to large numbers of death and desertions (runaways) Confederacy – men 17-50 exempt if you own more than 20 slaves or could pay someone to take your place→ “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight” Union – men 20-45 $300 to avoid or could pay someone to take your place

NYC Draft Riots NYC – many poor, diseased, crowded into slums Immigrants did not want to be drafted Couldn’t pay to avoid service Didn’t want to free slaves – competition for low paying jobs July 13-16, 1863 – rioters attacked… draft offices, Republican newspaper offices homes of anti-slavery leaders rich white men on the street (looked like they could afford to avoid service) blacks Ended by federal troops → over 100 died

NYC Draft Riots