Properties of Acids and Bases Unit 15 – Acid and Bases Properties of Acids and Bases Properties Common Uses Neutralization and Salts Indicators Print 1-11, 13

A. Definitions Arrhenius acid-base + H – H O O Cl Cl H H H H HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– Acids Ionize in water to form ______________ hydronium ions (H3O+)

A. Definitions Arrhenius acid-base + – H N O N O H H H H H H H H NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH– Bases Ionize in water to form ______________ hydroxide ions (OH–)

B. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs (Brønsted–Lowry acid–base ) HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– H + – H O O Cl Cl H H H H Acid - Proton (H+) donor conjugate base is formed when an acid donates an H+.

B. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs (Brønsted–Lowry acid–base ) NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH– H + – H N O N O H H H H H H H H Base Acid Base - Proton (H+) acceptor conjugate acid is formed when a base accepts an H+.

NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH– B. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs (gain H+) NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH– Conjugate Acid Conjugate Base Base Acid (lose H+) Conjugate Acid-Base Pair related by loss or gain of a single H+ ion.

Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 C. Properties ACIDS BASES sour taste turn litmus red conduct (ions) single replacement rxn w/ metals form H2 gas bitter taste turn litmus blue conduct (ions) slippery feel Red Ac-ed Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2

D. Common Acids Acetic acid HC2H3O2 Vinegar Carbonic acid H2CO3 Sodas Hydrochloric acid HCl Stomach acid Nitric acid HNO3 Fertilizer, industry Ascorbic acid C6H8O6 Vitamin C Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Battery acid

D. Common Bases Sodium hydroxide NaOH Drain cleaner, soap Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Antacid, laxative Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Concrete, plaster Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Deodorant, antacid Ammonia NH3 Cleaner, fertilizer

E. Neutralization and Salts rxn of acid and base making a salt and water ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER = HCl + NaOH  NaCl + HOH H2O

E. Neutralization and Salts KOH + HNO3  H2O + KNO3 Acid? Base? Salt? donates H+ OH– accepts H+ neutral ionic compound (metal/nonmetal)

E. Neutralization and Salts Sodium chloride NaCl flavoring, preservative Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 to make glass Potassium chloride KCl salt substitute to reduce sodium Potassium iodide KI Added to table salt for more iodine Magnesium chloride MgCl2 De-icer for roads Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Chalk and marble Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 Fertilizer, cold packs

F. Indicators Indicator changes color in an acid or base Examples: litmus - red/blue phenolphthalein - colorless/pink red cabbage juice - pink/green

F. Indicators A Universal Indicator is a pH indicator composed of a solution of several compounds that exhibits several smooth color changes over a pH value range from 1 to 14.

Quick Quiz! 1) Which of the following is a characteristic of bases? A) taste sour B) turn litmus red C) feel slippery D) react with metals to form H2 gas 15

Quick Quiz. to act as an acid and why? 2) Which compound is most likely to act as an acid and why? A) H2O B) NH3 C) NaOH D) H2SO4 b/c it can donate an H+ 16

Quick Quiz. 3) When a neutralization takes place, one of the products is always… A) carbon dioxide B) a salt C) sodium chloride D) a precipitate (not just NaCl) 17

Quick Quiz. 4) A(n) _________ changes color in an acid or base. A) precipitate B) salt C) ammonia solution D) indicator 18