US Imperialism in the Early 1900s

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US Imperialism in the Early 1900s

Imperialism What is Imperialism? Empire-building by dominating other nations either politically or economically Who is Involved? The United States, most European countries and Japan Africa and Southeast Asia are divided into colonies The competition for colonies will eventually lead to World War I

Reasons for Imperialism Industrial Revolution -- needed raw materials and markets "white-man’s burden" & Manifest Destiny Anglo-Saxon Christians have the duty to "civilize" the rest of the world Monroe Doctrine — no European involvement in the Western Hemisphere Importance of Sea Power 1890 — Alfred Thayer Mahan — The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

Examples of American Imperialism Alaska (1867) — William Seward bought from the Russians – “Seward’s Folly” Hawaii (1900) -- US citizens owned sugar plantations, plantations owners took control of Hawaii and removed the Queen Liliuokalani. United States annexed (took over) Hawaii in 1900 Spanish-American War (1898) (Next class) China Open Door Policy — John Hay proposed that all nations have equal access to Chinese markets and material.

1. Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy (1900-1908) Wanted greater US involvement in world affairs. Advocated for peaceful relations, but wanted a strong American presence in to ensure US prosperity. America as world policeman “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

Examples of “Big Stick” Policy Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1900): US can act as an international police power in Latin America. Used to justify intervention in Dominican Republic, Panama, Cuba, Nicaragua, Honduras, Mexico and Haiti.

Examples of “Big Stick” Policy ctnd. “Open Door” policy— ensure China would keep its door open to all countries for trade. Roosevelt sent troops to suppress the Chinese Boxers (Boxer Rebellion), rebels who opposed opening up China to foreign trade.

2. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” (1909) Encouraged US to invest in foreign relations Dollars, not bullets, would advance US authority and ensure stability. Ordered troops to Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico. Use of force was a way to teach other nations how to establish law and order.

Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” (1912) US should champion democracy around the globe and help maintain world peace. Emphasized American ideals like democracy, believed America should help spread those ideals. Caused US to meddle in affairs in Latin America and Asia.