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What is Earth Science?

Ag Earth Science – Chapter 1.1 1.1 Vocabulary

Bio Life

Geo Earth

Hydro water

logy Study of

Earth Science A name for the group of sciences that deals with Earth and it’s neighbors in space

Study of the physical material and historical make-up of the Earth. geology Study of the physical material and historical make-up of the Earth.

oceanography Study of the composition and movements of seawater, coastal processes, seafloor topography, and marine life.

meteorology Study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate.

astronomy Study of the universe

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Overview of Earth Science Earth science is the name for the group of sciences that deals with Earth and it’s neighbors in space.

Earth Science is divided into four main sub-categories. Geology – study of the Earth Physical Geology – examination of the materials that make up the Earth and the possible explanations that for the many processes that shape our planet. Historical Geology – understand Earth’s long history and establish a “time-line”

Earth Science is divided into four main sub-categories. Oceanography - Study of the composition and movements of sea water, coastal processes, seafloor topography, and marine life.

Earth Science is divided into four main sub-categories. Meteorology - Study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate.

Earth Science is divided into four main sub-categories. Astronomy - Study of the universe

Formation of Earth Nebular Hypothesis – suggests that the bodies of our solar system evolved from an enormous rotating cloud called the solar nebula. It was made up mostly of hydrogen and helium, with a small percentage of heavier elements.

Ag Earth Science – Chapter 1.1 1.2 Vocabulary

sphere 3-dimensionally round “ball”

hydrosphere Water portion of the earth

atmosphere Gaseous envelope around the Earth

geosphere Composed of the core, mantle, and crust

biosphere All life-forms on Earth

core Dense, heavy inner sphere of the Earth

mantle Located between the crust and core of the Earth

crust Thin outside layer of the Earth’s surface

Dam Picture

Earth can be divided into four major spheres Hydrosphere – water portion of the earth Atmosphere - gaseous envelope around the Earth   Geosphere - composed of the core, mantle, and crust Biosphere - all life-forms on Earth

Hydrosphere All water on Earth Oceans account for 97% of all Earth’s water 3% is freshwater (groundwater, streams, lakes, and glaciers)

Atmosphere Life-sustaining gaseous envelope Extends about 100km upward Protects us from sun’s heat and dangerous radiation

Geosphere Lies beneath both the atmosphere and the ocean The geosphere is not uniform and is divided into 3 main parts based on composition. Core – dense center of the Earth Mantle – middle layer of the Earth Crust – thin, outer layer of Earth

Biosphere Consists of all life on Earth

Plate Tectonics - Theory Earth’s lithosphere is broken into several sections called plates These plates move slowly and continuously due to the unequal distribution of heat within Earth The movements of these plates generate earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the deformation of large masses of rock into mountains.

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Ag Earth Science – Chapter 1.1 1.5 Vocabulary

hypothesis A tentative explanation that is tested to determine if it is valid

experimentation The testing of an idea

experimental error In conducting an experiment, a person encounters one or more errors

variables Those parts of an experiment that can change during an experiment and influence the results

conclusion A decision that is reached after thinking/analyzing about certain facts or information

theory A well-tested and widely accepted view that explains certain observable facts.

scientific law Results from many scientists repeatedly reaching the same conclusions.

Scientific Method

Scientific Method The process of gathering facts through observations and formulating scientific hypotheses and theories Steps in Scientific Method Collection of scientific facts through observation and measurement   Development of one or more working hypotheses to explain these facts Development of observations and experiments to test hypotheses Acceptance, modification, or rejection of the hypothesis based on extensive testing

Hypothesis Once data have been gathered, scientists try to explain how or why things happen in the manner observed. Scientists do this by stating a possible explanation called a hypothesis A hypothesis must be “testable”

Theory A scientific theory is a well tested and widely accepted by the scientific community and best explains certain observable facts.

THE END ….. for this chapter.