LIST THREE THINGS YOU KNOW/THINK YOU KNOW ABOUT THE ANCIENT GREEKS Journal Entry #3 9/14/2017 LIST THREE THINGS YOU KNOW/THINK YOU KNOW ABOUT THE ANCIENT GREEKS

Everyone loves Geography! Only 20% Farmable ¾ of Greece covered in Mountains Pros/Cons? INDEPENDENT! Turn to the sea… “Liquid Highways”

Liquid Highways Greeks turned to the Sea Lack of natural resources Became expert sailors, used the Aegean Sea to connect with other cultures CULTURAL DIFFUSION!

Climate Very moderate 48-80 degrees Why stay inside? Amphitheaters, Ceremonies, Sporting Events

Minoans Emerged on island of Crete Began around 3000 BCE, lasted 2,000 years Traders Trading outposts on several islands Evidence found in Mesopotamia & Nile Valley

Minoan Palace, Knossos

Minoan Society Women enjoyed major roles Awarded more respect Well built homes, private rooms Plumbing, bright art on walls

Linear A Minoan Writing System; cannot be read Not tied to mainland Greek Much of what we know comes from art & objects left behind

Decline Many believe a combination of factors led to decline Natural disasters- Volcano, Tidal Wave, Earthquake Conquered by Mycenaeans Link between natural disasters & fall of civilizations?

Mycenaeans Considered the 1st Greeks….Why? Spoke an early form of Greek! Collection of small kingdoms that often quarreled Cultural Diffusers!

Trojan War Fact or Fiction? Homer’s Iliad -How was it told? Henrich Schielmann finds evidence of Troy in 1870s!

Trojan War What was it fought over? Land or Love? Who won? Colored by Myths, Gods intervening, but there is increasing evidence Trojan Wars occurred Trojan War- http://cerhas.uc.edu/troy/legends.html Hector v. Achilles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQ6 2frK74u0

Mycenaean Decline Perfect cocktail of destruction Drought+Famine+Declining Trade+War b/w individual kingdoms= Greece’s Dark Age People fled from cities, struggled to farm Writing disappeared, Greek civilization nearly destroyed….

Gods & Heroes

Gods & Goddesses Existed in Myths Polytheistic! Used to explain Greek Origins How to live your life Relationship with Greeks was very personal Polytheistic! Each God/Goddess protected individual Polis Imperfect---BIG DEAL!

Greek Heroes Purpose? Remind Greeks where they come from & how they should live Conquered fear & uncertainty, often interacted w/Gods

Greek Heroes Killed great beasts or made huge discoveries Hubris-Great Pride Led to downfall of many heroes Renowned through all of Greece (Hercules) or in a Polis (Theseus)

Legendary King Minos The Minotaur & Labyrinth Hero story-Theseus https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g7Vl14UP4Q88XzTZt0nP1X7st1cG rEMwkr_YXZ4STu8/edit?usp=sharing Relationship between Gods & Subjects

Sacred Locations Mt. Olympus Oracle of Delphi -Priestesses of Apollo received visions of future Olympia

Emergence of Greek City-States A Greek city-state is called a Polis Each independent of its neighbor---Significant? Own form of government, laws & customs Center of life & culture -Athenian/Spartan, rather than Greek The Acropolis typically housed temples, ceremonial spaces Agora-Marketplace

Roles of Citizens Vote, Hold Office, Defend themselves in Court, Own Property Serve in Government, defend Polis during War Great being a citizen! If you counted… Majority (Slaves, Foreigners & Women) didn’t Actual citizens only accounted for 1/3 of population