ISLANDS AND BIODIVERSITY

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ISLANDS AND BIODIVERSITY © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Real islands © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Island size and biodiversity © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Reptiles and amphibians on Caribbean islands Area / km2 Species Redona 2.6 3 Saba 12.7 5 Montserrat 104 9 Puerto Rico 8816 40 Jamaica 11669 39 Hispaniola 77793 84 Cuba 103723 76 © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

The diversity of reptile and amphibian species on different Caribbean island species © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

The diversity of reptile and amphibian species on different Caribbean island species © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Islands and distance © P Billiet © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Numbers of species of longhorn beetle in the Florida Keys Island Distance / km Species Key Largo 13 44 Matecume Key 32 16 Fat Deer Key 66 12 Key Vaca 72 15 No Name Key 76 Big Pine Key 79 24 Big Torch Key 88 Cudjoe Key 95 8 Sugarloaf Key 100 10 Key West 121 Dry Tortugas 131 3 © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Diversity of longhorn beetle species compared to the distance of islands in the Florida Keys © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Diversity of longhorn beetle species compared to the distance of islands in the Florida Keys © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Trends Bigger islands have a more diverse habitat so can support a wider variety of species = more niches Distant islands are more difficult to reach and colonise. © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Extinction v colonisation © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Functional islands Lakes in Finland © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Islandisation Dividing and isolating populations of species so that they cannot breed together The human barriers can be as big as a city or as small as a road. ubc © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Woodland cover in Warwickshire © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Woodland cover in Warwickshire © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Species loss Great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Edge effects Transition zones from one ecosystem to another (aka ecotones) Usually increases the biodiversity at the boundary Smaller fragments may be affected throughout The original habitat may be completely modified. © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Natural edges Lake shores show a transition from terrestrial to aquatic habitats © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Species distribution © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Change in number of field layer plant species in a lake-woodland transition © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Human influences The edge effect on different sized woodlands Bigger fragments have more of the original interior habitat. Transition zone Interior habitat © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

The edge effect of a corridor cut through woodland © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS