Development and Quality of Life http://www.slideshare.net/wong_teck_kiong_nicholas/development-pearson-2011-7786364

Development A progressive process aimed at achieving economic growth and as a result, a conducive environment for individuals to enjoy a decent standard of living and quality of life 11/8/2018

SoL & QoL Standard of living (SoL): Quality of life (QoL): Living conditions OR A measure of the quality and quantity of resources available to people and the way these resources are distributed within a population Quality of life (QoL): The degree of satisfaction that an individual or a group of people have with their living conditions and lifestyle 11/8/2018

Indicators of Development 11/8/2018

Indicators of Development Economic Income per capita Employment structure Demographic Life expectancy Infant mortality rate Urban population Social Access to water & sanitation Adult literacy rate 11/8/2018

Income per capita Gross National Product (GNP) Refers to the total value of goods and services produced by the citizens of a country in a given year. Includes contributions by citizens working and investing outside the country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Refers to the total value of goods and services produced by the citizens and non-citizens in a country in a given year. Excludes contributions by citizens working and investing outside the country 11/8/2018

Employment Structure Primary Industries Secondary Industries Industries that extract natural resources from the Earth Secondary Industries Industries that convert natural resources into useful products Tertiary Industries Industries that provide services 11/8/2018

Life Expectancy Refers to the average number of years a person can expect to live in a particular country 11/8/2018

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) Refers to the number of deaths of children under the age of one per 1000 live births in a year 11/8/2018

Urban Population Refers to the percentage of people living in an urban area 11/8/2018

Adult Literacy Rate Refers to the percentage of population aged 15 and above who are able to read, write and understand simple statements. 11/8/2018

Human Development Index (HDI) Refers to a composite index that range from 0 – 1 to rank countries by level of human development and separate developed, developing and less developed countries Combines GDP per capita, adult literacy rate and life expectancy The closer the index is to 1, the higher the development Level of Human Development HDI Values High 0.800 – 1.000 Medium 0.500 – 0.799 Low 0.499 and below 11/8/2018

Quiz 1: Describe the development of the world measured by the HDI. [?] HDI 2009 11/8/2018

Factors Affecting Development 11/8/2018

Factors Social Environmental Historical Reason Economic Education Population growth rate Environmental Natural disasters Climate Historical Reason Colonialism Economic Raw materials Cumulative causation Political Reasons Political conflict Leadership 11/8/2018

Social ~ Education Countries with low literacy will face difficulties in achieving development. Low literacy rates is common among LDCs as the children have fewer opportunities for education because their parents cannot afford to send them to school OR The number of schools may be limited or there may be a lack of teachers and inadequate facilities This will result in slow and low development as people with little education face more difficulties learning new skills and technology, leading to a shortage of skilled labour thereby slowing down the development of higher value secondary and tertiary industries 11/8/2018

Social ~ Population Growth The lack of education usually result in the lack of family planning which lead to large family sizes and overpopulation Overpopulation may lead to insufficient food, housing and healthcare facilities hence resulting in undevelopment 11/8/2018

Environmental ~ Natural Disasters Both DCs and LDCs are subjected to natural disasters However DCs have the resources to recover from natural disasters faster than LDCs. 11/8/2018

Environmental ~ Climate Countries that experiences favorable climates are more likely to be developed countries Cool and moist climate of Canada and USA allowed the growing of many important crops such as wheat and oat, which can be consumed or exported Countries that experiences unfavorable climates are more likely to be less developed countries 11/8/2018

Raw materials Countries with rich raw materials tend to be able to achieve development faster as Wealth from the raw materials can be invested to develop the country and raise the quality of life 11/8/2018

Political Conflict Countries with unstable environments such as frequent wars and social unrest will deter investors, leading to lack of resources for development 11/8/2018