Endocrine system Kahoot Diagnostic Assessment

Welcome to the Endocrine System This is . . . Hirsutism Causes excess hair growth in unusual areas e.g. beards on women. Due to an increased production of Androgens (testosterone). Intro to hormones: http://australia.twig-world.com/films/introduction-to-hormones-1022/

Endocrine Organs and Glands: ___ - Adrenal gland ___ - Ovaries ___ - Pancreas ___ - Pineal gland ___ - Pituitary gland ___ - Testes ___ - Hypothalamus ___ - Thyroid gland Answer part 1 of Endocrine System booklet

Endocrine Organs and Glands: 7- Adrenal gland 10 - Ovaries 9 - Pancreas 3 - Pineal gland 2 - Pituitary gland 12 - Testes 1- Hypothalamus 4 - Thyroid gland

Student Activity Drawing endocrine organs on butcher’s paper. One student to be the outline. Must draw the organ as accurately as possible. Must label the organs.

The Endocrine System: An overview Twig – Introduction to Hormones

The Endocrine System: An overview Is a collection of glands that secrete (release) a wide range of hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers (proteins) used to carry information They have a longer term effect then nerve impulses, but act more slowly. The endocrine system is responsible for growth, repair, digestion, sexual reproduction and homeostasis. Homeostasis – A term that describes how the body maintains a balance of the internal systems at their optimal level. Answer part 2 of Endocrine System booklet

Integration of Nervous and Endocrine

Overview The endocrine system is coordinated by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland responds to information from the hypothalamus. Answer part 3 of Endocrine System booklet

Hypothalamus In the brain, the hypothalamus is made of nerve tissues. The hypothalamus constantly checks the internal environment (i.e. the conditions within the tissues, organs and systems) If these conditions change, the hypothalamus responds by secreting hormones to the pituitary gland ie: Controls body temperature, rate of metabolism and water content. Answer part 3 of Endocrine System booklet

Pituitary Gland The pituitary gland responds to the hormone information from the hypothalamus by either secreting other hormones or producing fewer hormones. These hormones are then sent via the circulatory system to the rest of the organs where they bond to target cells. Answer part 3 of Endocrine System booklet

Target Cells Hormones will only bond to cells with the matching receptor. If the receptor does not match the hormone, then no response will occur.

Hormones that you need to know

Hormones you need to know… Organ Hormone Target Main Effect Disease Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal Pancreas Testes Ovaries

Hypothalamus Releases: Neurohormones Target: Pituitary gland Main Effect: Links the nervous system to the endocrine system. Controls homeostasis. Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

Pituitary Gland Releases: Thyroid-stimulating hormones Target: Thyroid Main Effect: Controls the rate of thyroxine released. Releases: Growth hormone Target: Bones, muscle. Main Effect: Stimulates muscle growth and bone size. Beware! Use of s*** in movie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3C79hy2mU10 Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet YouTube: Effects of HGH

Growth Hormone Abnormalities Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

Pineal gland Releases: Melatonin Target: N/A Main Effect: Controls waking and sleeping cycle TWIG – Melatonin and Sleep Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

Thyroid Gland Releases: Thyroxine Target: Body cells Main Effect: Controls the rate of chemical reactions in cells (your metabolism) Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

Hypothyroidism Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

Hyperthyroidism Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

Parathyroid Gland Releases: Parathyroid hormone Target: Blood Main Effect: Regulates the amount of calcium in the blood. Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

Adrenal glands Release: Adrenalin Target: Body Cells Main Effect: This prepares your body for the “flight or fight” response and causes an immediate release of energy. Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Also known as Broken Heart Syndrome Caused when emotional stress (such as a break-up) causes too much adrenalin to be secreted. This weakens a portion of the heart and can cause heart failure.

Adrenal glands Release: Cortisol Target: Body Cells Main Effect: Regulates your stress levels Is there a pimple cure - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGvx4gl3D7w Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet YouTube: Is there a Pimple Cure?

Addison’s Disease

Pancreas Releases: Insulin and Glucagon Target: Liver Main Effect: These control blood glucose levels. Insulin – lowers glucose level Glucagon – raises glucose level.

Diabetes

Testes Release: Testosterone Target: Male reproductive system Main Effect: Male sexual development and activity (sperm). Why are teens so moody - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=du8siPJ1ZKo

Gynecomastia

Ovaries Releases: Oestrogen Target: Body cells Main Effect: Female sexual development and control during pregnancy.

Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (Tension)

BAR Purpose: A bicycle Endocrine glands Learning to help use acronym triggers to help in memory recall. Encourages us to think ‘outside the box’. A bicycle Endocrine glands

Student Activity: Read chapter 3.6 of your Oxford Science 9 textbook Then complete Part 5 of your Endocrine System booklet.

Student Hormone Task Students to be assigned different abnormalities of hormone production. Students to complete a presentation explaining: What the abnormality name means. What organ and hormone causes the abnormality. What the identifying marks are. The long and short term effects. Interesting photos.

Homeostasis of blood glucose Negative feedback mechanism

Why maintaining blood glucose levels is important… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JK5N-MJKVU&oref=https%3A%2F%2F

Negative Feedback Stimulus received that indicates something in the body is happening too much. Response is to produce a hormone to remove it. Answer part 6 of Endocrine System booklet

Background You eat food which is broken down. Carbohydrates are a nutrient in food that gets broken down into a simple sugar like glucose. This glucose travels in your blood to provide energy for your cells in the mitochondria. Too much glucose in the blood is not healthy. Your body will try and control the amount of glucose. Answer part 6 of Endocrine System booklet

If blood glucose is too high The receptors in the pancreas detect that the blood sugar is too high. Pancreas releases insulin into the blood. Insulin travels throughout the body to the insulin receptors on the muscle and liver cells. These cells remove the glucose from the blood. The glucose level drops back to normal and the excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver. Answer part 6 of Endocrine System booklet

If blood glucose is too low The receptors in the pancreas detect that the blood sugar is too low. Pancreas releases glucagon into the blood. Glucagon travels throughout the body to the glucagon receptors on the muscle and liver cells. These cells release the glucagon into the bloodstream. The glucose level rises back to normal. Answer part 6 of Endocrine System booklet

Why does this diabetic have to inject?

Student Activity: Complete Part 7 of your Endocrine System booklet. Answer part 7 of Endocrine System booklet

Homeostasis of Body Temperature Homeostasis – The process of maintaining a constant internal environment

How do animals regulate body temperature? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJEBfl_LKno

Heat Comes from metabolism e.g. Growth, repair, respiration, manufacture of hormones A rise in body temperature of only a few degrees above 37 would stop metabolism and you would die! Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

Hormone control The hypothalamus receives information from temperature sensors in the skin, inside the body and from the hypothalamus itself If the hypothalamus detects a fall in body temperature, it produces a hormone which causes the pituitary gland to produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

…Still hormones NOTE: This takes time 3. TSH stimulates the thyroid to release more of the hormone thyroxine 4. Thyroxine travels in the blood to all cells and causes the rate of metabolism to increase-this warms up the body NOTE: This takes time Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

Nervous system control Hypothalamus sends nerve impulses to muscle groups around vital organs (e.g. heart and lungs), which shake Eventually this shaking extends to the muscles of the arms and legs (shivering) Shivering makes your muscle cells create heat Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

Another nervous system control: The nervous system can cause a narrowing of blood vessels on the surface of the skin This reduces blood flow, and heat loss from the skin If it is very cold, the blood flow is reduced so much that you lose feeling in them Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

To cool down: When the hypothalamus detects a rise in body temperature, nerve messages are sent to the sweat glands and blood vessels Blood vessels close to the skin dilate (get larger in diameter) so more blood can reach the surface (this makes your skin more red) The sweat glands produce more sweat, which takes some heat from your body when it evaporates (faster in dry heat) Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

Flow Diagram Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

Student Activity Read chapter 3.7 of your Oxford Science 9 textbook Then complete the Homeostasis worksheet.

Blood Doping

Student Activity Read through chapter 3.8 of your Oxford Science 9 textbook (pages 58-59). Answer the ‘Extend your understanding 3.8’ questions on page 59 THEN Research a famous athlete who was caught blood doping. Your teacher will choose some of you to share your research with the class: Who was it? What sport did they play? How were they caught? Were there any consequences? Why did they do it?

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