Electrical Power & Energy

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Presentation transcript:

Electrical Power & Energy James Prescott Joule James Watt

P = V I Power (P): A measure of the rate of transfer of energy. Power is measured in watts ( W ) P = V I Current Power Potential Difference ( A ) ( W ) James Watt ( V )

Example I: What current will be drawn by an 85 W Fender Twin Reverb amplifier if it is connected to a 120 V outlet? I = ? P = V I P = 85 W 85 = 120 I V = 120 V 120 120 I = 0.71 A

We need to know the current to find the power Example II: How much power will be dissipated by a 20 W resistor that is connected to a potential difference of 6 V? P = V I P = ? R = 20 W We need to know the current to find the power André Ampère V = 6 V Georg Ohm Use my formula

We need to know the current to find the power Example II: How much power will be dissipated by a 20 W resistor that is connected to a potential difference of 6 V? V = R I P = V I P = ? R = 85 W André Ampère We need to know the current to find the power V = 6 V Georg Ohm Use my formula

V = R I P = V I 6 = 20 I P = ( 6 ) ( 0.3 ) P = 1.8 W I = 0.3 A 20 20 Example II: How much power will be dissipated by a 20 W resistor that is connected to a potential difference of 6 V? V = R I P = V I P = ? R = 20 W 6 = 20 I P = ( 6 ) ( 0.3 ) V = 6 V 20 20 P = 1.8 W I = 0.3 A

E = P ∆t Energy (E): A measure of the ability to do work. Energy is usually measured in joules ( J ) E = P ∆t time Energy Power ( s ) ( J ) ( W ) James Prescott Joule

Example III: How much energy (in joules) is used by a 2 kW heater if it is operated at full power for 12 minutes? E = ? E = P t P = 2 kW = ______ W 2000 t = 12 min = ______ s 720 E = ( 2000 ) ( 720 ) E = 1 440 000 J

E = P ∆t Unfortunately, energy is not just measured in joules. Uh, oh … When measuring electrical energy consumption for an electricity bill, energy is measured in kilowatt-hours ( kWh ) E = P ∆t ( kWh ) ( kW ) ( h )

Example IV: How much energy (in kilowatt-hours) is used by a 2 kW heater if it is operated at full power for 12 minutes? E = ? E = P t P = 2 kW E = ( 2 ) ( 0.2 ) t = 12 min = ______ h 0.2 E = 0.4 kWh

E = P ∆t And that’s not all … Energy can even be measured in watt-hours ( W∙h ) Oh, no … E = P ∆t ( h ) ( W∙h ) ( W )