Chapter 16: Endocrine and Reproductive Health By: Zoe Tonkinson, Dominic Sparacino, Matthew Trine, and Michelle Kelley

Warm Ups what has school taught you about the reproductive system and reproductive health? what organs are a part of male/female reproductive systems and how does each function?

lesson 1 the Endocrine system vocabulary: endocrine glands: are ductless or tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream hormones: are chemical substances that help regulate many of your body functions thyroid gland:produces hormones that regulate metabolism,body heat,bone growth

rest of vocab parathyroid glands:produce a hormone that balances calcium and phosphorus in body pancreas:is a gland that serves both the digestive and the endocrine systems pituitary gland:regulates and controls the activities of all endocrine system adrenal glands:produce hormones that regulate the body's salt and water balance

the endocrine system

Lesson 2: The Male Reproductive System Two main functions of male reproductive system are to produce and store sperm and to transfer them to the female during intercourse. your sperm reaches maturity between 12 and 15

male reproduction system

External Reproduction Organs Testes- AKA testicles are two small glands that secrete testosterone and produce sperm. Scrotum- is the external skin sac. Penis- is the tube shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body over the testes. Semen- is a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive system.

Internal Reproductive Organs urethra- the passageway through which both semen and urine leaves the male body prostate gland- combines with the sperm containing fluid to form semen vas deferens- the vas deferens are tubes that extend from each epididymis to the urethra epididymis- the tube in each testis join the epididymis,a larger coiled tube where sperm mature and are formed seminal vesicle- as sperm move through the vas deferens they combined with a fluid that contains nutrients to nourish the sperm

Male reproductive system problems inguinal hernia- this occurs part of the intestines push through the abdominal wall. sterility- inability to reproduce as a result of too few sperm or sperm of poor quality testicular cancer- affects all males of any age but is treatable through surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy prostate cancer- the prostate gland can become enlarged as a result of an infection, a tumor, or age

lesson 3 Female Reproductive System vocab: Eggs- female gametes or ova Ovaries- female sex glands that store the ova and produce sex hormones Uterus- hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ that nourishes and protects a fertilized ovum until birth

Vocab Ovulation- the process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tube each month Fallopian Tubes- a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that draw in the ovum Vagina- a muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body Menstruation- the shedding of the uterine lining Cervix- the opening to the uterus

female reproductive organs female reproductive system has several functions: producing female sex hormones storing the eggs A female at birth has more than 4oo,ooo immature ova A mature ovum is released from an ovary into one of the fallopian tubes

female reproductive organs -hairlike structures called cilia work to move the ovum with help of muscle contractions - sperm enters the vagina and unite with the ovum resulting in fertilization -the fertilized egg becomes a zygote, enters and attaches to the walls of uterus - walls thicken with blood to nourish the zygote until birth

menstruation after a female matures the uterus prepares every month for pregnancy if does not occur then the thickened lining breaks down into blood, tissue, and fluids (endometrium) most females start this cycle at the age 10 to 15 endocrine hormones control the cycle and ends when menopause occurs around the age 45-55

reproductive health and system problems - bathe regularly - have regular medical exams - practice abstinence - menstrual cramps- common - premenstrual syndrome (PMS)- common - toxic shock syndrome (TSS)- uncommon - breast exams should be given after each cycle because the breast is not tender

QUIZ which gland links the endocrine system with the nervous system? what is the main role of the pituitary gland? what is an inguinal hernia? where are sperm formed? passageway where sperm and urine leave the body? what is the opening of the uterus? what type of disease, if left untreated, is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease? how can good hygiene prevent toxic shock syndrome? how does the scrotum respond to temperature, and for what purpose? why is it important for females to conduct a breast exam after their menstrual cycle?

QUIZ ANSWERS: hypothalamus regulates and control the activities of other endocrine glands a tear in the abdominal caused by lifting heavy objects they are formed in the testes the urethra the cervix sexual transmitted diseases (STD) it reduces risks of forming bacteria infection it keeps the temperature slightly below body temp to keep the sperm alive breast cancer is serious and after a cycle the breasts are not tender