WILDLIFE BIOLOGY & ECOLOGY Chapter 5
OBJECTIVES Explain important life processes of living organisms Describe the life span of living organisms Explain the role of heredity and genetics Discuss the importance of ecosystems
Life Processes Growth and Repair Food Circulation Respiration Secretion Sensation Movement Reproduction
Growth and Repair
Food
Circulation
Respiration
Secretion
Sensation
Movement
Reproduction
Lifespan Beginning – birth, natality Growth and Development – cells being produced faster than they are dying Maturity – full grown; cells being produced as fast as they die Decline – aging sets in; cells dying faster than being produced Death - mortality
Genetics and Heredity Genetics – study of how traits (characteristics) are transmitted from parents to offspring Heredity – the traits/characteristics that are acquired from parents Gene – a segment of DNA that has instructions for producing one trait/characteristic Chromosome – a long, but microscopic thread of protein and DNA; a chain of genes; humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes Mutation – a change or mistake in the DNA Natural Selection – natural conditions favor organisms with desirable survival genes
Genetics
Heredity
Genes and Chromosomes
Mutations
Natural Selection
Levels of Organization in F&W Species – a group of like organisms Population – all the members of one species in a given area at a given time Community – all the members of all the species in a given area at a given time Ecosystem – the living community plus the non- living components in a defined area
Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Ecological Considerations Biotic factor – factor resulting from a living organism (s) in the ecosystem Abiotic factor – factor resulting from non-living component of ecosystem Niche – the special way an organism lives in a community; the role it serves Food chain – the sequence in a community in which wildlife get their food Food web – a series of interconnected food chains
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
Niche
Food Chain
Food Web