Islam, Byzantine Empire, and a Bit of Eastern Europe Unit 3 Islam, Byzantine Empire, and a Bit of Eastern Europe

The Roots of Islam

A Disadvantage? How could this society be taken advantage of by other empires?

Pre-Islamic Bedouins Women had greater freedom than those in Greece and Rome Valued members of clans

Pre-Islamic Bedouins Women had greater freedom than those in Greece and Rome Valued members of clans Varied among tribes

Pre-Islamic Bedouins Culture not as highly developed as others of the period Religion = polytheistic (sometimes animism)

Pre-Islamic Bedouins Culture not as highly developed as others of the period Religion = polytheistic (sometimes animism)

The Spread of Islam

The Spread of Islam Expansion of Islamic Territories Abu Bakr – Caliph, successor to Muhammad (not named by Muhammad) Armies expand territory

At Who’s Expense?

Byzantine Empire

Internal Divisions Umayyad vs. Ali Ali = cousin of Muhammad Umayyad clan that held position of Caliph Civil War Split within the religion Sunnis Shia – followers of Ali

Read pgs 191-200 in packet Reading Quiz Tuesday Essays Due By 3:45 Tuesday You can turn them in anytime (homework box)

CALM DOWN! I KNOW SOME OF YOU COULDN’T PRINT THIS MORNING. IT’S OK!!! Turn in your essay if you have it Review last night’s reading from the packet I will take questions in a few minutes Reading Quiz Coming Up!!! You will need a sheet of paper

Answer 3 of the following in paragraphs Discuss one factor in the decline of spiritual authority of the caliph. (Look at Umayyad, Abbasid, or both) How did trade influence Arab/Islamic empires during this era? Discuss 2 factors that can account for rapid expansion of Arab conquests following Muhammad’s death? Muhammad left no clear successor. Discuss the religious and political impact of this. How did the attitude toward non-Arabs begin to change under Abbasid rule? Why did this change? How can early Arab/Islamic society be considered more egalitarian than other societies of the era? In what ways were human rights infringed upon?

Tonight Read pgs 200-207 Reading Quiz Wednesday Lecture on Arab/Islamic Empires and society tomorrow Check out faughthistory.weebly.com for the presentation (will be up 4th block)

Pick up a Unit 3 worksheet Read pgs 176-178 (In book) Pg 177 Answer Question 1 Pg 178 Answer Questions 1,2,4 Answer in complete sentences Hang on to these when finished

The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750) Continued expansion Religious toleration Corruption and favoritism = discontent 700s Abbasids overthrow Umayyad dynasty

Policy toward Conquered Peoples Limited social mobility for non-Arab Muslims Head tax (jizya) on non-Muslims Umayyad luxurious living causes further decline in moral authority

Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258) Rulers now isolate themselves (Persian Style) Encouraged conversions to Islam

Nature of the Abbasid Dynasty Diverse nature of administration (i.e. not exclusively Arab) Less focus on imperial expansion Dar al-Islam The Islamic World Growth through military activity of autonomous Islamic forces

Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain) Muslim Berber conquerors from North Africa take Spain, early 8th c. Allied to Umayyads, refused to recognize Abbasid dynasty Formed own caliphate Some tensions, general cooperation

Abbasid Dynasty Impact of Trade?

Formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone Historical precedent of Arabic trade Dar al-Islam encompasses silk routes Impact? Camel caravans Maritime trade

Banking and Trade Scale of trade causes banks to develop Sakk (“check”) Uniformity of Islamic law throughout dar al-Islam promotes trade

Increased Independence 900s AD -- Abbasid power declines European Threats Egypt – Fatimids Turks Non-Arab Muslims Mongols

Short Answer DOES NOT mean shortest answer possible Short Answer DOES NOT mean shortest answer possible. You must use evidence to back up your points! Review last night’s reading Questions then a quiz coming up

The problem with Islamic art It isn’t one thing or even a movement Localized styles….why so many different styles?

Common Themes Geometric Motifs

Common Themes Arbesque – vegetative motif

Early Islamic Architecture Dome of the Rock. Jerusalem, Palestine. Islamic, Umayyad. 691–692 C.E., with multiple renovations. Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome.

185. Dome of the Rock. Jerusalem, Palestine. Islamic, Umayyad 185. Dome of the Rock. Jerusalem, Palestine. Islamic, Umayyad. 691–692 C.E., with multiple renovations. Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome. Dome of the Rock

Great Mosques at Samarra, Iraq