Various Leadership Concepts Leadership and Executive Development Cluster National Institute of Public Administration

Sharing Knowledge Outline 1. Definitions of Leadership 2. Definitions of Effective Leaders 3. Five (5) Leadership Theories 4. Three (3) Common Styles of Leadership

WHAT IS LEADERSHIP? “Leadership is influence – nothing more, nothing less” John C. Maxwell Leadership = ability to lead: the ability to guide, direct, or influence people Dictionary “Leadership can be defined as the will to control events, the understanding to chart a course, and the power to get a job done, cooperatively using the skills and abilities of other people” Donald G. Krause Real Leadership = being the person others will gladly and confidently follow John C. Maxwell

WHAT IS LEADERSHIP? “Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it” Dwight Eisenhower “Leadership is action, not position” Donald McGannon Good leadership brings out the best in people and with it ordinary people could do extraordinary things Peter Drucker “One measure of leadership is the calibre of people who choose to follow you” Dennis Peer “To be a leader requires one thing and one thing only. Followers. That's it.” Simon Sinek

LEADERSHIP THEORIES Great Man Theory Trait Approach Theory Transactional Theory Transformational Theory

GREAT MAN THEORY Based on the belief that leaders are exceptional people, born with innate qualities, destined to lead Who is the leader?

TRAITS APPROACH THEORY It was believe that critical leadership traits could be identified and that people with such traits could then be selected, recruited, trained and installed into leadership positions

TRANSACTIONAL THEORY This theory base leadership on a system of reward and punishment. There is the element of transaction in place – perform ‘a task’ and you will receive ‘reward.’ If you don’t perform ‘a task’ you will have to face ‘punishment’ It is often used in the armed forces and also in business. When employees are successful, they are rewarded; when they fail, they are reprimanded or punished

TRANSFORMATIONAL THEORY These leaders motivate and inspire people by helping the followers to see the importance and higher good of the task. Transformational leaders strive to help others to fulfill their potential. They tend to coach or mentor subordinates to achieve success

TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERSHIP There is more than one definition for ‘transformative leadership’ The one applied here is basically meant that “The method or style of leadership that a leader adhere to that works toward transforming an organisation and also the staff towards a better level of achievement According to Prof. Rounaq Jahan of Columbia University, “A transformative leader is a person who can guide, direct, and influence others, to bring about a fundamental change, change not only of the external world, but also of internal processes”

LEADERSHIP STYLE Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans and motivating people

3 COMMON LEADERSHIP STYLES 3 COMMON LEADERSHIP STYLES Delegative Autocratic (Authoritarian) Democratic (Participative) Leader Leader Leader Employees Employees Employees Leader Whole Group Employees EMPHASIS

AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE Autocratic leader instruct what he needs to be done, without getting the opinion or feedback of the employee Sometimes rely on threats and punishment to influence employee May not allow employee input

Autocratic Style ………. continued AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE Autocratic Style ………. continued Effective when …. Employee do not respond to any other leadership style Work needs to be coordinated with other a number of parties The area was poorly managed

DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE This type of style involves the leader including one or more employees in on the decision making process (determining what to do and how to do it). However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. Typically democratic leader: Develops plans to help employee evaluate their own performance Allow employees to establish goals Encourage employees to grow on the job and be promoted Recognizes and encourages achievement

DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE Effective when …. The leader wants to keep employees informed about matters that effect them The leader want employees to share in decision-making and problem-solving duties You want to encourage team building and participation

DELEGATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE In this style, the leader allows the employees to make the decision. However, the leader is still responsible for the decisions that are made A useful way for a leader to prioritize tasks and show their followers that they trust their abilities to lead certain initiatives

Delegative Style …………. continued DELEGATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE Delegative Style …………. continued Effective when …. Employees are highly skilled, experienced and educated Employees have pride in their work and the drive to do it successfully on their own Employees are trustworthy

WHAT IS THE BEST STYLE? In your own opinion, what is the best leadership style?

VARYING LEADERSHIP STYLE While the proper leadership style depends on the situation, there are other factors that influence which style to use: The leader’s personal background. What personality, knowledge, values, ethics does the leader have. The leader’s preferred style. The skill and experience of the subordinates. The organisation itself. The traditions, values, philosophy and concerns of the organisation. The organistion environment – stable or suffering turbulent.

What is your own Leadership Style?

Question and Answer Session