The Crisis, Number 1 (Common Sense) THOMAS PAINE The Crisis, Number 1 (Common Sense)

PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES Order of Importance – Paine mentions his strongest arguments first and proceeds with his reasoning in an order of descending strength / author must know his audience and structures it as such (ex: John Edward’s sermon) Uses 4 techniques to convince America to join the war effort

APHORISTIC STYLE Memorable statements Uses poetic devices Ex: “these are the times that try men’s souls” -alliteration in “t” (times/try) and consonance in “s” (times/men’s/ souls)

ANALOGY Comparison between two similar situations, implying the outcome of one will resemble the outcome of the other Ex: A street light is like a star.

LOGOS Logic of the argument Readers are sensible and thoughtful Relies on objectivity in evaluating evidence, which will lead to a conclusion Ex: if A implies B and B implies C, then A implies C

PATHOS Evokes a feeling of pity or compassion  pathos Relies on feelings and beliefs Ex: TV commercials asking viewers to sponsor a 3rd world child

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING All men are mortal. Chris is a man. Chris is mortal. LOGOS

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING Selling cigarettes is like committing manslaughter. ANALOGY

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING You can quit wasting precious fuel and polluting the air by switching to modern, pollution-free electric heat. PATHOS

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING Just as your body requires a variety of vitamins and minerals for good health, your brain also requires a variety of nutrients. IQ – Mites provides the essential nutrients for the health of your brain. LOGOS

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING I Have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. APHORISTIC STYLE

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING Make like Michael Jackson and beat it. ANALOGY

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING These people all won a million dollars by playing the state lottery. Some day it might happen to you. Play to win! PATHOS (Hope)

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. APHORISTIC STYLE

PAINE’S TEXT – Page 124 “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.” PATHOS APHORISTIC STYLE

PAINE’S TEXT – Page 124 “Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered … What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives everything its value.” ANALOGY APHORISTIC STYLE

PAINE’S TEXT – Page 125 “God Almighty will not give up a people to military destruction, or leave them unsupportedly to perish, who have so earnestly and so repeatedly sought to avoid the calamities of war, by every descent method which wisdom could invent.” PATHOS

PAINE’S TEXT – Page 125 “I cannot see on what grounds the king of Britain can look up to heaven for help against us: a common murderer, a highwayman, or a housebreaker has as good a pretense as he…” ANALOGY LOGOS

PAINE’S TEXT – Page126 “The heart that feels not now is dead; the blood of his children will curse his cowardice who shrinks back at a time when a little might have saved the whole, and made them happy. I love the man that can smile in trouble, that can gather strength from distress, and grow brave by reflections.” PATHOS APHORISTIC STLYE

PAINE’S TEXT – Page 126 “Not all the treasures of the world…could have induced me to support the an offensive of war, for I think it murder; but if a thief breaks into my house, burns and destroys my property, and kills or threatens to kill me, or those that are in it…am I to suffer it?” LOGOS ANALOGY

PAINE’S APPEALS The struggle will be difficult, but the cost is worth it. God is not with the British. Parents should worry about their children’s future. Defend your home.

OPPONENT’S ARGUMENTS You cannot be free if you are dead. If God is neutral, why shouldn’t we be as well? Why expose children to war or to British vengeance if we lose? We become exposed to burglary only if we take up arms.