American Foreign Policy: 1930-1941

Fascism- nation over the individual, dictatorship w/ an emphasis on a strong military Mussolini - Italy mini-bio

Fascism Similarities Communism Extreme nationalism internationalism Economic capitalist, protect private prop, state can direct economy No private prop – state directs economy Military Show superiority of the nation Overthrow all nations – put system in Social Control all aspects of life - totalitarianism

Hyper-Inflation in Germany: 1923

Adolf Hitler - Germany mini-bio Mein Kampf, Nazi, Economy

The appeasement of Hitler continued with the Munich Pact. Britain and France sacrificed the Sudetenland to Germany in return for peace. But peace was not to come. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and Hitler in Munich 7

Fascist Aggression 1935: Hitler denounced the Versailles Treaty & League of Nations [re-arming!] Mussolini attacks Ethiopia. 1936: German troops sent into the Rhineland. Fascist forces sent to fight with Franco in Spain. 1938: Austrian Anschluss. Rome-Berlin Tokyo Pact [AXIS] Munich Agreement  APPEASEMENT! Sudetenland Neville Chamberlain

So much aggression it takes 2 slides 1939: German troops march into the rest of Czechoslovakia. - Hitler-Stalin Non-Aggression Pact. September 1, 1939: German troops march into Poland  blitzkrieg  WW II begins

German Aggression, 1936–1941

Blitzkrieg check it out

FDR Recognizes the Soviet Union (late 1933) FDR - bolster the US against Japan. Trade w/ USSR- help economy during the Depression.

Stalin Lenin died Communism “Man of Steel” 10 million 1. state run collective farms 2. industrial nation 1. purged Communist “traitors” 2. 1 mill dead/imprisoned 3. fear/propaganda - kept Stalin in power Germany attacked USSR

Stalin- USSR - Communism Stalin - Mini-Bio

Gulag

Hitler’s Biggest Mistake – Invasion of Russia

Churchill “Phony War” 338K Brits/French escape to England 35 1. air battle 2. GB-lost 1k planes 3. Germans – 1.7K planes 4. “Blitz” on London – Bombing 5. attacked civilians Germ did not invade GB American newspaper reporter – “Blitz”

Winnie Contd Aug. 1941 US and GB 1. national self-determination 2. international system of general security Deep alliance between GB and US

Winston Churchill - GB Mini-bio

Quotes of Winnie I may be drunk, Miss, but in the morning I will be sober and you will still be ugly.” Lady Astor: “Winston, if I were your wife I’d put poison in your coffee.” Winston Churchill: “Nancy, if I were your husband I’d drink it.” Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few

Atlantic Charter 1. not pursue terr. Expansion 2.right to choose own gov’t 3.international trade 4. to raw materials 5. be disarmed 6. rid the world of fear & poverty BASIS FOR THE UNITED NATIONS

Nye Committee Hearings (1934-1936) The Nye Committee I investigated the charge that WW I was needless and the US entered so munitions owners could make big profits [“merchants of death.”] The Committee did charge that bankers wanted war to protect their loans & arms manufacturers to make money. Claimed that Wilson had provoked Germany by sailing in to warring nations’ waters. Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality Acts. Senator Gerald P. Nye [R-ND]

FDR’s “I hate war” Speech (1936)

Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937 Learn lessons from WWI no sales of arms to belligerent nations. no loans/credits to belligerent nations. Forbade US cit. to travel on ships of nations at war “cash-and-carry”  pay in cash, pick it up Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War. limited the options of the POTUS in a crisis. US declined to build up its forces!

US Neutrality

Franco – Spain – Fascism

The American “Lincoln Brigade” Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) The American “Lincoln Brigade”

1939 Neutrality Act Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act: Germany’s invasion of Poland. aids European democracies in a limited way Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act: Aggressors could not send ships to buy US munitions. The US economy improves America becomes the “Arsenal of Democracy”

1940 Election – What is the significance?

Unneutral Neutrality Selective Service Act 1st peacetime draft in US History Destroyers for Bases Agreement US Destroyers => GB GB Bases => US

“America First” Committee Charles Lindbergh

“Lend-Lease” Act (1941) – sell/lend war supplies to any country that was vital to safety of US Great Britain.........................$31 billion Soviet Union...........................$11 billion France......................................$ 3 billion China.......................................$1.5 billion Other European.................$500 million South America...................$400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms Speech He highlighted four freedoms precious to Americans. freedom of speech freedom of worship freedom from want freedom from fear Poster photo pg. 787 All of these freedoms, he argued, were threatened by German and Japanese militarism.

Japanese Attack Manchuria (1931) League of Nations condemned the action. Japan leaves the League. Hoover wanted no part in an American military action in the Far East.

Prime Minister Tojo

Emperor Hirohito

Japan invaded Manchuria, then China. Japanese Expansion, 1931-1939 Japan invaded Manchuria, then China. “Rape of Nanjing” 41

Panay Incident (1937) Japan bombed USS Panay gunboat & three Standard Oil tankers on the Yangtze River. Japan apologized, paid US an indemnity, and promised no further attacks. Most Americans were satisfied with the apology. Results  Japanese interpreted US tone as a license for further aggression against US interests.

French Indochina - 1941 FDR – froze all Japanese assets in US Embargo Gas Machine tools Scrap iron steel