Vaccination Vaccination is the second most effective Public Health intervention after Clean Water AND Saves lives Help eliminate infectious diseases- small pox ,almost polio

Immunity Innate Defence Acquired Defence First line of Defence Physical barriers skin and mucous membranes Physiological factors pH, temperature and oxygen tension limit microbial growth Second Line of Defence Protein secretions lysozyme, complemen interferons and others Third Line of Defence Phagocytic cells macrophages and neutrophils Vaccination live and inactivated Immunoglobulin's This is how firstly our body protects us again infection and secondly how we can gain protection

How can we win against infection? Having a healthy lifestyle helps protect us against infection But sometimes we need a little help and this is where vaccination can help

Vaccinations Help eliminate and reduce incidence of some infectious diseases Reduce mortality and morbidity Reduces demand on NHS services Reduces suffering

Impact of Vaccination Immunisation has made a very dramatic effect on reducing the numbers of cases of infectious diseases

Vaccination An inactivated, dead, vaccine cannot transmit disease Adult Flu There is a theoretical, small, risk that a live vaccine could transmit disease. However the infection will always be mild MMR Many vaccines need a number of doses and boosting to remain effective Whooping cough Vaccines remain effective for varying periods of time Diphtheria This is how vaccinations work

What do children need to know ? Bugs are not all bad We need some to keep us healthy and We need some to teach our bodies how to protect us In the UK, we can get protected against a lot of bugs that cause infection, free from our family doctor Vaccinations help us fight disease and stay healthy However these bugs can change from time to time and we may need to have a number of vaccinations - this is the case with Seasonal Flu

Current National Immunisation Schedule Diseases protected against Up to 18 years of age 8 weeks to 3 years and 4 months Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Polio Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) Pneumococcal Rotavirus Meningococcal disease MenC and MenB Measles Mumps and Rubella Diphtheria Tetanus Polio MeningococcalACWY disease Cervical Cancer caused by human papillomavirus types HPV (Girls Only)

Vaccination in schools In Cardiff Seasonal Flu vaccinating will be offered to all children in primary school in 2018-19 Uptake of the Seasonal Flu Vaccination was 63% for 2017-18 HPV vaccination is currently being delivered in secondary schools Profiles are available for each school to demonstrate uptake Profiles have been distributed to all schools for Flu and HPV uptake. If additional copies are required I am happy send them out

Edward Jenner Born May 1749 in Berkeley In 1764 left to undertake apprenticeship as a doctor In 1772,returned to Berkeley to work as a doctor In 1796, he carried out his famous experiment one eight-year-old James Phipps. He submitted a paper to the Royal Society in 1797 describing his experiment, but was told more proof was required In 1798, the results were finally published and Jenner coined the word vaccine from the Latin 'vacca' for cow. Jenner was widely ridiculed The obvious advantages of vaccination and the protection it provided soon became evident Jenner continued researching and advising on developments in vaccine. Jenner died on 26 January 1823. it was generally accepted that milkmaid who suffered cowpox never contracted smallpox Undaunted, Jenner experimented on several other children, including his own 11-month-old s repulsive and ungodly to inoculate someone with material from a diseased animal Jenner carried out research in a number of other areas of medicine and was also keen on fossil collecting and horticulture.

Cardiff and Vale University Health Board Nuala Mahon - Immunisation Co-ordinator Nuala.Mahon@wales.nhs.uk Tel: 029 21832128