Imperialism Unit 1867-1914

Major Presidents During Imperialism William McKinley 1897-1901 Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 William H. Taft 1909-1913

Imperialism-Definition The Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories View Expansion Video

3 Reasons for American Imperialism 1. Economic competition for raw materials and new markets for its manufactured goods. 2. Political and Military competition, based on the need for a powerful new navy 3. A belief in racial superiority and mission to spread Christianity and civilization to the world View American Expansionism around 1900

Anti-Imperialism Not everyone agreed U.S. should expand Some felt it was morally wrong Some felt it cost too much money

America Expands-Alaska “Seward’s Folly”-the purchase of Alaska 1867, US bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (2 cents an acre) People thought Alaska was frozen wasteland and a huge mistake William Seward Thomas Nast cartoon of Seward

America Expands-Hawaii Why Hawaii? Sugar Cane plantations $$ Wanted to limit king’s power and become a part of the US Didn’t like the tariffs Naval base at Pearl Harbor Wanted access to China and East 1898-United States/ President McKinley annexed Hawaii Annex-to acquire/take over Overthrow of Queen Lilioukalani Last Queen of Hawaii, Lil Sanford B. Dole

The Spanish-American War 1898 Cuba was fighting Spain for Independence Jose Marti`-Cuban leader Spain put 300,000 civilians in concentration camps American newspapers began writing exaggerated claims of Spanish brutality towards Cubans that became known as Yellow Journalism -exaggerated news to lure new readers Jose Marti Newspaper drawing about Spanish officials strip searching U.S. woman “Yellow Kid” Cartoon

Yellow Journalism Two New York Journalists race to sell the most papers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst publish lies about the war to sell the most papers Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst

The Spanish-American War 1898 3 reasons U.S. enters War 1. yellow journalism 2. DeLome Letter-Spanish ambassador claims Pres. McKinley is “weak” 3. The U.S.S. Maine mysteriously blows up in Havana and the U.S. blames Spain View beginnings of Spanish-American war

“The Splendid Little War” U.S. attacks Spanish fleet at Manila Bay in Philippines (Spanish territory) U.S. and Filipino forces quickly defeat Spanish

“The Splendid Little War” War in Cuba Fighting is somewhat fierce Teddy Roosevelt leads a group of volunteers called The Rough Riders in the Battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba Rough Riders play only small part, but Roosevelt gets famous San Juan Hill Rough Riders View Spanish American War video African-American Unit that fought along side Rough Riders

Treaty of Paris 1898 Spain grants Cuba its Independence U.S. gets the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam Platt Amendment allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuba’s affairs, which U.S. did on multiple occasions. Guantanamo Bay Cuba became a Protectorate of U.S.

“Stand back, there, gol darn ye “Stand back, there, gol darn ye! If you force this thing to a fifth act, remember that’s where I git in my work” is the caption What roles has the artist assigned to each of the countries? What symbolic elements does he use to characterize each of the three countries? In what direction is the artist hoping to influence public opinion in 1896?

This cartoon dates to 1898 shortly after the war What symbols are used to represent the various nations involved in the unfolding drama of the birth of the American empire? How does the portrayal of Cuba in this cartoon compare with the previous cartoon?

“Won’t you join the stars and be my forty-sixth. 1 “Won’t you join the stars and be my forty-sixth? 1. What is the significance of Cuba being represented as white and attractive or voluptuous? 2. Explain the apparent intention of the artist in the context of 1901, when Spanish troops had left Cuba and the United States continued its military occupation of the island?

Philippine-American War Filipinos were outraged when U.S. did not grant independence War lasted for 3 years 1899 to 1902 20,000 Filipinos died 4,000 U.S. troops died Needed Philippines for easier access to China New York Journal –example of Yellow Journalism during Philippine-American War

China Open Door Policy Spheres of Influence-European nations had divided up China for trading purposes 1899 John Hay (Sec. of State) called for 1. open access to all of China’s coastal ports to all countries 2. eliminate special privileges for any trading nations 3. maintenance of China’s independence

Boxer Rebellion An attempt by a group of Chinese known as the Boxers, in which they attempted to expel all Westerners and Western influences from China. Rebellion was put down by joint Western forces

3 American Beliefs reflected in Open Door Policy 1. Growth of American economy depended on exports 2. America had the right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open 3. A fear that closing of an area to American products, citizens, or ideas threatened U.S. survival

America As World Power Great White Fleet New all steel fleet of a dozen or so ships that TR sent around the world to show U.S. dominance Painted white

Great White’s World Wide Tour

America As World Power Panama Canal Built to connect Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Cutting travel time of U.S. ships by half Panama was province of Colombia, but TR helped Panama get its Independence to get Canal built Teddy Roosevelt got credit

Roosevelt and Latin America Monroe Doctrine- 1823 James Monroe told European nations to stay out of Western Hemisphere Roosevelt Corollary- Roosevelt restated Monroe Doctrine, it was an extension to it and called for U.S. to be “police man” for hemisphere

Roosevelt and Latin America Gunboat Diplomacy Use force to accomplish goals in world, especially Latin America “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far”-famous saying by Teddy

Taft and Latin America Dollar Diplomacy Invest money into a country to help strengthen that country’s economy in hopes of preventing revolutions By investing money, it normally meant U.S. corporations in Latin American countries

Wilson and Latin America Moral Diplomacy- Wilson’s philosophy of extending moral standards to foreign policy Wilson told the world the U.S. will never take anymore territories. Wilson did send in troops to Latin American countries to stop revolutions

Achievements During Imperialism U.S. expanded access to foreign markets to ensure economic growth Built a modern Navy to protect its interest abroad Became an international police force to ensure domestic dominance in Latin America Looking to Foreign Lands-Video Video Quiz