Sex Differences in the Persistence of Natal Environmental Effects on Life Histories  Teddy A. Wilkin, Ben C. Sheldon  Current Biology  Volume 19, Issue 23, Pages 1998-2002 (December 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.065 Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Female Great Tit Life-History Variation as a Function of Specific Features of Natal and Breeding Environments Three linear mixed models (LMMs), each containing breeding (black circles and solid lines) and natal (white circles and dashed lines) environments, were used to explain variation in laying date (A and B), clutch size (C and D), and fledgling mass (E and F). Mean residuals are shown, formed from reruns of each model following the removal of the environmental measure. Models are saturated and control for previous life-history stages and differences between years and individuals (see Experimental Procedures). See Table S3 for full model parameters. Current Biology 2009 19, 1998-2002DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.065) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Sex-Differential Effects of Specific Features of Natal Environments on Great Tit Life Histories Three generalized LMMs explaining variation in recruitment per brood (A), total number of recruited offspring per adult (LRS) (B), and longevity (C) and illustrating significant sex × natal environment interactions. Shown are mean residuals for males (black circles and solid lines) and females (white circles and dashed lines), formed from reruns of each sex-specific model following the removal of the environmental measure. Models are saturated and control for previous life-history stages and differences between years and individuals (see Experimental Procedures). Adult males, but not females, are still affected (positively) by the quality of their natal environment. See Table S4 for full model parameters. Current Biology 2009 19, 1998-2002DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.065) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions