Study Commission Services Gaps and Disparities Julie Fidler, 317-327-4118 Julie.fidler@indy.gov

Data and Statistics Between 3000-5000 Re-entrants return to Marion County Annually. Nearly half will go back to prison for a NEW crime or rule violation. IMPD reports that both victims AND identified perpetrators have significant felony criminal histories in more than 80% of murders cases. Justice involved individuals are 50% less likely to go back to prison if they are employed. The 2018 Homeless Point in Time Count identified 39% of unsheltered homeless citizens have a felony criminal history in Marion County. 2013-2018 (YTD)-773 murders. African American men, ages 20-29 are the largest group represented. African American men are 4X more likely than Whites to die from being shot. The average age in Indianapolis at which someone is first arrested is 12 years old. That is for L1-L5 equivalent crimes that if committed as an adult would likely result in prison time.

Data & Statistics (contd.) There are 62 homeless Veterans with housing vouchers from HUD-VASH who cannot find housing. 32% of our unsheltered homeless have a substance abuse problem; 47% have a serious mental illness. 2,689 children in Marion County (both IPS and townships) report being homeless with more than 600 of those being under the age of 8. The numbers of persons with HIV/AIDS, foster care experience, serious mental illness and substance abuse issues ALL increased last year over 2017. In some zip codes in Indianapolis, the infant mortality rate is as high as 26%. Last year, there were 19 infants who died as a result of unsafe sleep practices. These are 100% preventable. Infant Mortality Rates run in direct correlation with homicides. Where one goes up, the other goes up. African American infants are 2.1 times more likely to die than white or Hispanic infants. 2015 Census data shows that of the births 49% were to unwed mothers 50% of those mother’s lived at or below the poverty level. 14% of Indianapolis families have no one working. In excess of 191,000 people live in poverty. 27% of those are under the age of 12!

A little Science… “Alligators are mean because of their Medulla Oblongata”-Bobby Buche, “Waterboy” Sorry Bobby, that’s wrong- The area of the brain that affects good decision making later in life is the Pre-Frontal Cortex The area that regulates emotions…not the Medulla Oblongata…the Anterior Cingulate Cortex The area of the brain that is the “fear center”-the Amygdala All are affected by trauma. Trauma, undealt with over time, gets worse. Recent studies suggest that trauma has the ability to alter genetics in future generations.

Incarcerated Women Women are the fastest growing segment of prison populations. Many jails don’t know or accommodate for breastfeeding mom’s. First Responders/Police don’t ask about a mom’s breastfeeding status when there is a warrant executed or an arrest. Children are immediately started on formula if they are removed from the home when mom is arrested. Women in prison have FAR different needs than men, particularly surrounding reunification with children, victimization or re-victimization of themselves and/or their children, childcare and issues with education and employment, etc. There are few resources specifically geared to justice involved women.

Change The statistics are startling, heartbreaking…and behind every single one is a person who needs help. What is the “system” to get people help? How does it function? How do they get that help? What is the economic cost to the city, the City, neighborhoods, families? Future businesses? Employers? Development and revenues? What help is available? More importantly, what services are missing and how do we fix that? Who is doing it well? How do we build capacity in other organizations? What would be a return on investment for public, private and philanthropic dollars?

What does “change” look like? Multi-Systemic and multi-generational therapies Linkage to other community services (rental assistance, education and employment programs, credit cleanup, financial literacy, homeowner purchase and repair programs) Relapse and Recidivism prevention Utilize a “Social Determinants of Health” Model Reduction of silo’s and streamlined application/intake processes Inclusion of data informed best practices along with measurable outcomes and goals Restorative policing with resources for officers and other first responders (Prefer to Refer)

Social Determinants of Health Availability of resources to meet daily needs (e.g., safe housing and local food markets) Access to educational, economic, and job opportunities Access to health care services Quality of education and job training Availability of community-based resources in support of community living and opportunities for recreational and leisure-time activities Transportation options Public safety Social support Social norms and attitudes and Culture(e.g., discrimination, racism, and distrust of government) Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder (e.g., presence of trash and lack of cooperation in a community) Socioeconomic conditions (e.g., concentrated poverty and the stressful conditions that accompany it) Residential segregation Language/Literacy Access to mass media and emerging technologies (e.g., cell phones, the Internet, and social media)