Chapter 3 System Software Technology Now, 2nd Edition Chapter 3 System Software

In this Chapter Identify System Software Compare PC Operating Systems Define Operating Systems Compare Mobile Operating Systems Describe Common OS Tasks Describe File Basics Manage Your Computer’s Work with Folders Windows Manage Files Describe Common OS Features Customize Microsoft Windows

Identify System Software (1 of 7) System software is the software that makes it possible for you to run a computer and includes: operating systems utility programs

Identify System Software (2 of 7)

Identify System Software (3 of 7) Define System Software

Identify System Software (4 of 7) Identify an Operating System Operating system (OS): most critical program that manages and coordinates all the activities in a computer OS runs mostly in the background

Identify System Software (5 of 7) Identify an Operating System

Identify System Software (6 of 7) Identify an Operating System Platform identifies the OS Microsoft Windows 10 Software as a Service (Saas) Update is a collection of software changes

Identify System Software (7 of 7) Identify an Operating System Utility software performs a specific, limited task File management programs Search utilities Disk cleanup software File compression programs Security utilities

Define Operating Systems (1 of 11) Operating system functions: process data manage memory control hardware provide a user interface

Define Operating Systems (2 of 11) Describe the Purpose of an Operating System The operating system (OS) is the set of programs that manages and coordinates all the activities on your computer. Boot process series of events that begins when you turn on the computer User interface controls how you enter and receive information

Define Operating Systems (3 of 11) Describe the Purpose of an Operating System

Define Operating Systems (4 of 11) Describe Processing Techniques Processes compete for the attention of your operating system Processing techniques to handle and prioritize requests : Multitasking Multithreading Multiprocessing Parallel processing

Define Operating Systems (5 of 11) Describe How an OS Manages Memory Random access memory (RAM) Every program needs RAM to run More RAM more efficient the operating system

Define Operating Systems (6 of 11) Describe How an OS Manages Memory

Define Operating Systems (7 of 11) Identify Types of Operating Systems Personal computer (PC) operating system Server OS or Network OS Mobile OS Embedded OS

Define Operating Systems (8 of 11) Identify PC Operating Systems

Define Operating Systems (9 of 11) Identify Server Operating Systems Server OS resides on a server computer Manage a network Three popular server operating systems: Windows Server macOS Server UNIX Many web servers use UNIX

Describe Common OS Tasks (10 of 11) An operating system controls a computer by managing its resources: Processor Memory Storage space Connected devices

Define Operating Systems (11 of 11) Identify Mobile Operating Systems

Describe Common OS Tasks (1 of 13) Describe the Boot Process An operating system controls your computer by managing its resources: Processor RAM Storage space Connected devices

Describe Common OS Tasks (2 of 13) Describe the Boot Process Boot process the computer: Receives and distributes power Runs the bootstrap program built into a ROM (read-only memory) chip on motherboard Performs power-on self test (POST) Identifies connected devices and checks settings Loads system files into RAM (random access memory) and the kernel, or core, of the OS Completes setup tasks, runs startup programs in the background and displays the main user interface

Describe Common OS Tasks (3 of 13) Describe the Boot Process

Describe Common OS Tasks (4 of 13) Track System Resources Operating system controls a computer by managing resources processor, RAM, storage, space, and connected devices Tracks apps, processes, and other tasks the system is performing

Describe Common OS Tasks (5 of 13)

Describe Common OS Tasks (6 of 13) Manage Input and Output Input: the OS accepts and processes that data so the computer can display the text as output on the screen Buffers: areas of memory that hold data from one device before it is transferred to another device Spooling: placing data in a buffer so it can be retrieved later

Describe Common OS Tasks (7 of 13) Manage Hardware Device Driver: small program that tells the OS how to interact with that device Plug and Play (PnP): OS feature to install the correct driver so you can use new hardware immediately

Describe Common OS Tasks (8 of 13) Define a Graphical User Interface Command-line interface: displays only text; use text to interact with programs

Describe Common OS Tasks (9 of 13) Define a Graphical User Interface Most operating systems use a graphical user interface (GUI) based on graphical objects representing a computer task, command, or object. GUI components: tiles icons buttons

Describe Common OS Tasks (10 of 13) Define a Graphical User Interface

Describe Common OS Tasks (11 of 13) Identify Typical Operating System Tasks

Describe Common OS Tasks (12 of 13) Identify Typical Operating System Tasks Start programs Manage files Get help Customize the user interface Work with hardware

Describe Common OS Tasks (13 of 13) Shut Down Devices Power interruptions Conserve energy Sleep options

Managing Your Computer’s Windows (1 of 8) A window is a rectangular area of the screen that displays the contents of a program, file, or folder. Manage windows by: switching from one to another opening and closing them resizing them arranging them on the desktop

Managing Your Computer’s Windows (2 of 8) Define a Desktop Window

Managing Your Computer’s Windows (3 of 8) Define a Desktop Window Minimize button Maximize button Close button Restore Down button

Managing Your Computer’s Windows (4 of 8) Switch Windows Active window the selected window is in the foreground Thumbnail a miniature version of a larger image, such as a window Use keyboard shortcuts to manipulate windows

Managing Your Computer’s Windows (5 of 8) Open Windows Use two types of windows on a desktop: Program window displays a running program Folder window displays the objects in a folder

Managing Your Computer’s Windows (6 of 8) Arrange Windows Arrange windows on the desktop to work effectively and to access other items on the desktop Taskbar Cascade windows Stacked windows Show windows side-by-side Show the desktop Use Snap to arrange windows

Managing Your Computer’s Windows (7 of 8) Resize Windows

Managing Your Computer’s Windows (8 of 8) Manipulate Windows

Describe Common OS Features (1 of 8) Operating systems with graphical user interfaces have many features in common: Desktop Menus Icons Dialog boxes

Describe Common OS Features (2 of 8)

Describe Common OS Features (3 of 8) Use the Desktop Desktop Taskbar Notification area Dock (macOS)

Describe Common OS Features (4 of 8) Use Menus and Dialog boxes Menu Submenu Dialog box Option button (radio button) Check box List box (combo box) multiple-selection list box

Describe Common OS Features (5 of 8) Use Menus and Dialog boxes

Describe Common OS Features (6 of 8) Use Icons and Buttons Icon is a graphic representing a program, file, or hardware device Double-click an icon to start a program or display the contents of what the icon represents Button is a graphic Buttons are grouped together on a menu bar, toolbar, taskbar, or ribbon interface Tap or click a button to make a selection

Describe Common OS Features (7 of 8) Run Disk Utilities Disk Utilities are used to diagnose and repair problems on a hard disk: Recycle Bin Disk cleanup utility Sector Defragmentation utility Technology Now

Describe Common OS Features (8 of 8) Run Disk Utilities File utilities are used to manage computer files: File management utility to name, delete, move, and copy files and folders Example: File Explorer Search tool to search for files File compression utility to compress files or decompress or restore or unzip files to original size Technology Now

Compare PC Operating Systems (1 of 10) A PC operating system is developed to run on a desktop computer. Four popular PC operating systems: Windows Mac OS X Linux Chrome

Compare PC Operating Systems (2 of 10) Windows is a PC operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation Mac OS X is designed for Apple Macintosh computers Linux is a PC operating system related to UNIX, available for free through the General Public License (GPL) Chrome OS is developed by Google to work with Google web applications

Compare PC Operating Systems (3 of 10)

Compare PC Operating Systems (4 of 10) Use Microsoft Windows Windows are rectangular areas of the screen devoted to a single program and its tools Graphical user interface with a Start menu, windows, and a desktop with a taskbar

Compare PC Operating Systems (5 of 10) Use MacOS MacOS designed for Apple Macintosh computers Accepts touch and voice input Includes a menu bar at the top of the screen Dock at the bottom contains icons for accessing files and apps

Compare PC Operating Systems (6 of 10) Use MacOS

Compare PC Operating Systems (7 of 10) Use Linux Linux is a PC operating system related to UNIX First developed in the 1960s for large, special- purpose computers used by scientists, researchers, and system administrators Available in versions called distributions Includes a menu bar at the top of the screen General Public License (GPL) makes the OS free to install and use

Compare PC Operating Systems (8 of 10) Use Chrome OS Chrome OS is a PC operating system developed by Google to work with Google web Web app is software you access and use on the web User interface is simple Focusing on accessing the Internet and websites using the Chrome browser

Compare PC Operating Systems (9 of 10) Use Chrome OS

Compare PC Operating Systems (10 of 10) Select a PC Operating System Ease of Use Availability of programs or apps Flexibility Support Security

Compare Mobile Operating Systems (1 of 6) Mobile operating system developed to run on a tablet, smartphone, or other mobile device Tablet is a handheld mobile computer that includes a touch screen Smartphone is a cell phone that includes many features of a computer, allowing it to run general- purpose computing applications

Compare Mobile Operating Systems (2 of 6)

Compare Mobile Operating Systems (3 of 6) Use Android Android developed by Google Based on Linux-open-source software with a permissive license Runs on many smartphones and tablets Download apps from the Google Play Store

Compare Mobile Operating Systems (4 of 6) Use iOS iOS developed by Apple Derived from Mac OS X Runs only on Apple mobile devices Download apps from Apple App Store

Compare Mobile Operating Systems (5 of 6) Use Windows Phone Windows Phone developed by Microsoft Touch interface similar to Windows 10 Displays tiles, links to apps, tools, webpages and contacts live tiles change depending on the status or changes to the app Shares content in locations called hubs Download apps from Windows Phone Store

Compare Mobile Operating Systems (6 of 6) Select a Mobile Operating System Ease of use Performance Flexibility Range of devices Number of apps

Define File Basics (1 of 12) Define Files A file provides a compact way to store data Two main categories of files: Executable files Data files

Define File Basics (2 of 12) Define Files

Define File Basics (3 of 12) Name Files Every file on a computer has a name Names should follow filenaming conventions Most filenames include an extension, or a short identifier separated from the main part of the filename by a dot

Define File Basics (4 of 12) Store Files To open or save a file, you must know the file’s location or storage device Each storage device has a directory Root directory is the main directory with lists Each list is called a subdirectory or folder To indicate a file’s location use a file specification, or path C > This PC > Documents > Screenplay Scene 1.docx

Define File Basics (5 of 12) Review File Properties Every file has file properties such as: name type location size date created date last modified date last accessed

Define File Basics (6 of 12) Review File Properties File size measurements: kilobytes (KB) (thousands of bytes) megabytes (MB) (millions of bytes) gigabytes (GB) (billions of bytes) Read-only file cannot be modified or deleted

Define File Basics (7 of 12) File format refers to the organization and layout of date in the file. Text files have a file format different from those of graphics files Native format is the format created in that application

Define File Basics (8 of 12) Select, Copy, and Move Files

Define File Basics (9 of 12) Select, Copy, and Move Files Clipboard a temporary holding area for files and information Source folder where you copy or move from Destination folder where you copy or move to

Define File Basics (10 of 12) Select, Copy, and Move Files

Define File Basics (11 of 12) Compress and Uncompress Files Compress one or more files so they use less space when stored on a disk Before you can open and edit a compressed file, you must uncompress it, or extract it A compressed file usually has a .zip extension called an archive

Define File Basics (12 of 12) Backup Files Backups are copies of files that you store in case the original files are damaged Backup software can monitor the files on your hard disk To protect data, frequently back up all the folders containing data files using a backup utility provided by your operating system or a software vendor

Work with Folders (1 of 5) You store files in folders and subfolders Use descriptive names Save your files on your hard drive, flash drive, or to the cloud so you can easily access them later Know how to navigate your computer so you can find and open files you've saved

Work with Folders (2 of 5)

Work with Folders (3 of 5) Define Folders Windows default data file folders: Documents, Music, Pictures, and Videos File Explorer is the Windows file manager Quick access list are the folders you use frequently

Work with Folders (4 of 5) Navigate Folders Create and Name Folders Expand and Collapse Folders Move, Copy, and Delete Folders

Work with Folders (5 of 5)

Manage Files (1 of 2) Save your files on your hard drive, flash drive, or to the cloud so you can easily access them later You should know how to navigate your computer so you can find and open files you've saved

Manage Files (2 of 2) Save As dialog box

File Management Common File Management Tasks: Use Save command and Save As command Save a file to a Location on your hard drive Save a file to a flash drive using the USB port Save a file to OneDrive cloud storage Need a Microsoft account Save a file to another cloud storage site Examples: Dropbox or iCloud Open a saved file

Customize Microsoft Windows (1 of 8) Default settings are set by the operating system sets during installation Customize Windows to suit taste and computing habits Be familiar with changing display settings, hardware settings, and adding and changing user accounts

Customize Microsoft Windows (2 of 8) Customize Windows

Customize Microsoft Windows (3 of 8) Common customization options: Customize Desktop Objects Shortcut icons Use the Settings and Control Panel Windows Control Panel and Settings app Lock screen Properties of an object

Customize Microsoft Windows (4 of 8) Common customization options (Continued): Customize Display Settings Desktop theme Screen resolution Native resolution Customize Screen Savers and Sounds Screen saver Sound scheme

Customize Microsoft Windows (5 of 8) Customize the Taskbar Pinned items Pinned item: icon that always appears on the taskbar Window buttons Notification area Action Center panel that keeps track of notifications

Customize Microsoft Windows (6 of 8) Customize the Keyboard and Pointing Device

Customize Microsoft Windows (7 of 8) Set Up User Accounts User accounts protect your computer against unauthorized access Includes information such as a user name, or user ID, and a password Two types of Windows 10 user accounts: Microsoft account Local-only user account

Customize Microsoft Windows (8 of 8) Set Up User Accounts If you run Windows 10 on more than one PC, you can also synchronize, or sync settings, preferences, and some apps, so that all your PCs are set up the same way Administrator account: full access to the computer to add other user accounts Standard accounts can access the files and folders in your account, but not the files and folders of other users