The Rise of Radicalism in Europe
Learning Goals By the end of this lesson, students will be able to … define extremism and totalitarianism explain the differences between Nazism, Communism, and Fascism explain how Hitler and the Nazi’s were able to gain and maintain power in German
A great Depression election Part I: A great Depression election
The Rise of Radicalism/Extremism Part II
Totalitarianism Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural) Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) Strict controls and laws Military state (secret police, army, military) Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters) One leader (dictator); charismatic Total conformity of people to ideas and leader Terror and Fear
Total Control of State by a Dictator Black Tuesday Oct. 29, 1929 Great Depression 1930s Treaty of Versailles 1919 Totalitarianism In Germany Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control Total Control of State by a Dictator
Totalitarianism
Communism I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953. What is Communism? LEFT WING based on theory by Karl Marx revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism
Fascism I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943. What is Fascism? RIGHT WING intense nationalism and elitism totalitarian control interests of the state more important than individual rights maintain class system and private ownership Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax
Nazism I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism? extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them Interesting fact: the Swastika was originally an ancient symbol meaning ‘it is well,’ and was associated with good fortune, and success.
Hitler and Nazi Germany Part III
How did the Nazi’s gain control? Watch the video ‘Rise of the Nazi’s’ Pay attention to the way in which Hitler and the Nazi’s were able to seize power – was it by force?
Nazi Ideology Ideology: A set of beliefs held by a particular group of people (ex. political party) Nazi Ideology: Master Race – aryan (blonde hair, blue eyes) Anti Semitism – overt racism towards all Jews Lebensraum – ‘living space’ – need to expand German territory
How did the Nazi’s gain and maintain control? Joseph Goebbels (Minister of Propaganda) Hitler became Chancellor in 1933 (2nd in command), and soon gains emergency powers after a mysterious fire in the German Reichstag. . . Once in power, Hitler’s Nazi Party used: Propaganda – radio, film, posters, newspapers, architecture, meetings/rally’s, sports, culture Military Force Promises of full employment Autobahn
Nazi Military State GESTAPO: the Secret State Police SS (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" were the new Nazi army Wehrmacht: Traditional German army HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth Einstazgruppen: Nazi Death Squad
“How fortunate for leaders that men do not think” Adolf Hitler