The study of Poetry (Part 3: Sound and Rhyme) Dima Abduljabbar Department of English Umm Al Qura University Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

POETIC SUBGENERES AND KINDS The study of poetry When you study (analyze) a poem, you need to focus on certain elements like POETRY FORM OR STURCTURE DICTION IMAGERY POETIC SUBGENERES AND KINDS SOUND Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

The sound of poetry: “Listen to your mind’s ear” Why SOUND matters in poetry? Historically, poetry began as an oral phenomenon. The belief was and still (sometime) is certain sound devices help reciters remember a poem. sound devices distinguish (superior) poetry from (inferior) prose. sound devices create music and harmony. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

It is all about the RHYME. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Rhyme as another aural effect The sound of poetry Rhyme as structure End Rhyme Rhyme Scheme Internal Rhyme Rhyme as another aural effect Alliteration Consonance Assonance Onomatopoeia Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Rhyme as structure End Rhyme Rhyme Scheme Internal Rhyme Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

“Occurs when the last words in two or more lines of a poem rhyme with each other” "O 'Melia, my dear, this does everything crown! Who could have supposed I should meet you in Town? And whence such fair garments, such prosperi-ty?" — "O didn't you know I'd been ruined?" said she. "You left us in tatters, without shoes or socks, Tired of digging potatoes, and spudding up docks; And now you've gay bracelets and bright feathers three!" — "Yes: that's how we dress when we're ruined," said she. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

“The ordered pattern of rhymes at the ends of the lines of a poem or verse” "O 'Melia, my dear, this does everything crown! a Who could have supposed I should meet you in Town? a And whence such fair garments, such prosperi-ty?" — b "O didn't you know I'd been ruined?" said she. b "You left us in tatters, without shoes or socks, c Tired of digging potatoes, and spudding up docks; c And now you've gay bracelets and bright feathers three!" — b "Yes: that's how we dress when we're ruined," said she. b The rhyme scheme of the above stanzas is aabb ccbb Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

“Occurs when a word within a line rhymes with another word in the same or adjacent lines” In mist or cloud, on mast or shroud, It perched for vespers nine; Whiles all the night, through fog-smoke white, Glimmered the white moon-shine.“ mist and mast do slightly rhyme. They create a slant rhyme. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

The sound of poetry Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

“The occurrence of the same consonant sounds at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words” “The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,” Alliteration is in the f and the b sounds. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

“Tyger Tyger, burning bright” “The repetition of consonant sounds at the end of, or within, words” “Tyger Tyger, burning bright” Consonance is in the repetition of the g and r sounds. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

“The repetition of the vowel sounds in a sequence of words” “A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze” Assonance is in the ə and the i: sounds Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

“A word which sound describes its meaning” “The moan of doves in immemorial elms, And murmuring of innumerable bees […]” Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Alliteration? Consonance? Assonance? Onomatopoeia? Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—     While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. “’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door—             Only this and nothing more.” Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Alliteration? Consonance? Assonance? Onomatopoeia? Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—     While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. “’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door—             Only this and nothing more.” Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

End of Presentation Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa