Julius N. Kabubi Kenya Meteorological Department The role of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) in DRR Julius N. Kabubi Kenya Meteorological Department

The role of Meteorology/KMD Weather Monitoring Weather Forecasting Climate prediction/ICPAC Early warnings Weather and climate Advisories Food security Climate Change Detection and attribution Research and outreach programmes Disaster Risk Reduction activities

Sectors Served by KMD Aeronautical meteorological services; Oceanography and Marine Meteorological services Service to the National Defence and Security Forces Early Warning Information for Disaster Risk Management in various sectors of the economy; Monitoring air pollution for Climate Change detection and attribution as well as for Public Health and safety; Environmental Protection and Management; Services to the Agricultural sector for improved productivity and enhanced Food Security;

Sectors served by KMD cont; Services to the Energy sector for hydroelectric power including new and renewable power generation, distribution and management; Hydro meteorological services for Water Resources Development and Management; Services to Forestry and Wildlife to improve reforestation and determine fire dangers to forests and wildlife; Services to Construction / Building Industry and Commerce; Services to Recreation and Tourism; and Data to Research Institutions among others

Other duties and responsibly NMHS Establishment and maintenance of a national meteorological observation network mandatory for weather and climate observations Monitoring, detection and prediction of weather and climate phenomena and dissemination of relevant products and early warnings; Monitoring environmental pollution and Greenhouse Gases, including ozone Exchange and transmission of meteorological data nationally, regional and internationally; Carrying out meteorological training and research to improve the quality of meteorological services Archival of long-term reliable national climatologically records Regional and iternational mandates – WMO, UNFCCC, ICAO ,

Primary weather products Now casting (6 hrs ahead) Weather Forecasts 24 hrs,4 days,7 days,14 days,1 month & Seasonal Specialized forecasts; Aviation Marine Agriculture Food security Water resources Energy Disaster management Health and other sectors

Secondary products Trends and patterns in wind regimes Climatological summaries Intensities of rainfall and durations Trends in temperature regimes Customer tailored weather and climate Regional influences by meso-scale weather systems Seasonality analysis Design curves (IDF, Flow Duration curves)

Some products –Long-term distribution of RF

Trends in Temperature at Dagoretti (Nairobi) MINIMUM MAXIMUM

TEMPERATURE RANGE AT DAGORETTI

OBSERVED CLIMATE CHANGE SIGNALS IN KENYA : Increases in temperature Local maximum temperature trends for Lodwar(Left) and Dagoretti(Right)

Observed Climate Change Signals in Kenya: Decreasing October – November –December (OND) Seasonal Rainfall Trends Nyahururu Marsabit Narok

Finally – Early warning Information for DRR Weather warnings and alerts Weather advisories Climate forecasts and predictions Climate advisories Stream flow Modeling Extreme Weather and severe climate events Droughts Early warning (La-nina conditions) Floods Early warning (El Nino conditions ) Real time flood forecasting Extreme temperatures (heat waves) Fog and frost NB/ Early warning is applied throughout the disaster cycle (Preparedness, response, relief and reconstruction)

Initiatives to improve on EWS for DRR Awareness campaign with partners (Nile IWRM-Net, UNISDR, UNOCHA, MOSSP, NDOC and Universities) on Hydro-climatic disasters Real time monitoring of hazards - Western Kenya flood mitigation project Timely communication of information Research work for thresh-holding of hazards ICPAC – Climate advisories and forecasts RANET Project Staff deployment to the provinces Tsunami early warning system

Human Encroachment on slopy areas result into: landslides, Mudflows &Rock flow

Flooded Rural Villages: Loss of Livelihood