SOCIAL STUDIES CHAPTER 3 LESSON 1

GROWTH OF SLAVERY Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin After the invention of the cotton gin, southern farmers needed more slaves to work in the cotton fields Cotton became the South’s most important crop

The value of cotton was rising, and mills in England and New England needed more cotton Plantation owners used their money to buy more land and more slaves to work the land Slavery grew rapidly, by 1860 there were nearly 4 million slaves

RESISTANCE TO SLAVERY In Virginia in 1831, a slave named Nat Turner led a rebellion against slave owners Nat Turner and his followers killed 59 people

After Nat Turner’s rebellion, the southern states passed laws to control slaves and free blacks An example, black ministers could no longer preach unless a white person was present. By the 1850’s, slaves and free blacks had fewer rights than ever. Southerners said that slavery was important to their economy – Northerners said that slavery kept the country’s economy from growing faster. Many people believed slavery was unfair and wrong.

THE SOUTH’S ECONOMY The economy was mostly agricultural or based on farming Some southerners worked on large cotton plantations More had small farms and grew crops such as corn, or raised cattle and pigs

THE NORTH’S ECONOMY The North also had many farmers Then cities in the North started to grow because factories were being built throughout the region In the factories, people made textile, shoes, tools, and other goods By 1860, FEWER THAN HALF of people in the North were farmers. Instead, they worked in factories

THE TARIFF The different economies led to disagreements between the regions about tariffs – a tax on goods Congress passed high tariffs on goods made outside our country. British goods became expensive. The only cloth people could afford came from the North These tariffs were good for Northern industry, but did not help the South

Southerners had to pay higher prices for manufactured goods they wanted, such as steel and cloth When prices of these goods went up, southerners blamed it on tariffs and the North THINK ABOUT IT – If you were a southerner, how would you feel about the tariffs? How would you feel if you were from the North?

STATE’S RIGHTS John C. Calhoun of South Carolina believed the Constitution did not allow the federal government to create tariffs. He argued for states’ rights – states not the federal government should make final decisions about matters that affect them He believed states could veto tariffs

SECTIONALISM Disagreements over slavery, tariffs, and other economic issues increased sectionalism in the North and South. Sectionalism – loyalty to one part of the country As these disagreements grew, it seemed that many people cared more about their own region than about the country as a whole

WHAT IS THE TITLE OF THE GRAPH ON P. 80? MANUFACTURING 1820 - 1840

WHAT DOES THE BLUE REPRESENT ON THE GRAPH? The South

WHAT DOES THE VERTICAL LINE ON THE GRAPH REPRESENT? Value of manufactured goods in millions of dollars

WHAT WAS THE DIFFERENCE IN THE DOLLAR VALUE OF GOODS MADE IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH IN 1840? About $200 million