DO NOW: 1/6, 1/7 You have 10 minutes to do so. There are TEN MC test questions on your table. As Elbow partners, complete the questions to the best of your ability. You have 10 minutes to do so. Get out your Development Theories organizer Goals for today: Erikson’s Psychosocial Devo—review and research Kohlberg’s Moral Stages—review and apply

Lawrence Kohlberg Believed moral reasoning helps guide our judgments and behavior…proposed dilemmas to help people reason at different levels Theory assumes that people move through levels in a fixed order no real ages match up with the levels…but believed that one could not reach the highest level until at least 13 because cognitively couldn’t understand it before this point Helped people progress through levels by posing moral dilemmas to solve

Pre-conventional – perform actions based on rewards or punishment very selfish and self-centered morality… usually young children Conventional – interested in pleasing others and doing what is right by social laws consider more than self…think of family, loved ones and society as a whole

Post-conventional – use higher reasoning to guide behavior Post-conventional – use higher reasoning to guide behavior...think about terms of justice, equality, and basic human rights when making decisions live by the golden rule…Kohlberg didn’t think that many people made it to this level of reasoning

Heinz Dilemma https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iz-AeGMhzV0 Pixar

Moral Stages Applied to Les Miserables Read through each of the 5 scenarios as a family group. Once done, discuss which possible stage each relevant character is in, and why. Complete the assigned scenario 10 minutes to complete the activity. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMYNfQlf1H8

Criticism of Kohlberg Failed to include women in research design Carol Gilligan Failed to include women in research design Men emphasize justice Women focus on caring & compassion

Erik Erikson Psychosocial development – involves our changes in our interactions and understanding of one another a well as in our knowledge and understanding of ourselves as members of society Believed that passage through the stage required resolution of a conflict

Trust vs. Mistrust (0-18mo.) Can I trust the world? Dependent on others to meet physical needs and need for love If parents care and you become “attached” you’ll develop a sense of trust and predictability Inconsistent or lacking care will cause infant to develop a sense of mistrust or paranoia

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18mo.-3) Do I have some control over my life? If parents set boundaries yet let child make some decisions, they will develop a “will” or a sense of independence If overly restricted, children will be unable to assert themselves yet if parents are too lenient, children become overly demanding and controlling – child will also have a sense of shame, self- consciousness

Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6) Am I capable of doing things for myself? Imagination developing, curious… asserting independence If parents react positively to these items, child will feel confident to take risks and have self-confidence If parents react negatively, child will lack self- sufficiency, have low self-esteem, and fear punishment

Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11) Am I capable of doing things socially? Compare self with others in social and academic aspects Feel that can do tasks, have a sense of pride and that do fit it Feel inferior or not as good as others

Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-20) Who am I and where is my place in this world? Going through the transition from child to adult…trying to discover who you are, what your strengths are and what kind of roles you are best suited to play Have a sense of who you are and a commitment to future adult roles Confusion over what role to play can lead to an unstable identity and adoption of a socially unacceptable roles

Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-20) Pressures to identify with what one wants to do with one’s life are acutely felt Separate selves from parents Tend to rely more on peer group Pivotal time period in a person’s life… paving the way for continued growth and future development of personal relationships Erikson believed that had to “find self” and figure out role before could truly feel and express love Do you agree or disagree?

Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-30) Can I love and be loved? Pondering entering into a close, loving relationship Develop intimacy and a sense of connectedness Develop isolation – draw into self and avoid close emotional contact

Generativity vs. Stagnation (30-65) Am I productive and giving something back to the world? Sense that making a difference through children, job, community involvement, etc. Happy with life and feel made a difference, a sense of accomplishment Feel worthless and preoccupation with own needs (mid-life crisis)

Integrity vs. Despair (65+) Has it all been worth it? Review of life Look back at life happily, have strong sense of self- acceptance Develop a sense of despair, look back at life with frustration, regret and disappointment

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Devo APPLIED Of the 8 stages, your group must research (websites provided on blog) and complete the handout for whichever stage(s) you are assigned Next class, have your stages researched and completed. Come prepared to discuss the stages you researched, teach your family group and apply it to an example in your life, or one relevant to that stage.