Dali L. Yang The University of Chicago China’s Children and Youth Education, Development, and Value Orientations Dali L. Yang The University of Chicago

China steadily improves Life Expectancy: China, Japan, and the United States China steadily improves

China Quarterly 2016

Why the stark contrast? PISA: Program for International Student Assessment China: represented by the provinces of Beijing (21.5), Shanghai (24.2), Jiangsu (84.3), and Guangdong 104) Total population 2016: 234 million Map: http://chinadigitaltimes.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/GDPppp-1024x768.gif

1960 1960 1990

Project on China’s Children and Youth China Family Panel Studies, 2010 Representative sampling of 25 provinces (95% of population) All members over age 9 in a sampled household are interviewed Sample sizes for 2010 shown here The State of Children in China Lijun Chen, Qiang Ren, Dali Yang, 2016 Events in recent years Xi Jinping became General Secretary of CCP Central Committee in 2012 Builds on growing social policy commitments: education, health, welfare Xi Calls for bringing all above current poverty line by 2020 19th CCP National Congress, October 2017 Second phase of project: on China’s Children and Youth Lijun Chen, Dali Yang, Di Zhou, and Qiang Ren Internship for undergraduate students

Sample Evaluation and Population Representativeness Gender-Age Population Pyramids

Indicators of Economic Wellbeing http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-06/01/content_29570422_13.htm

Class sizes are large; health insurance coverage improved significantly

School Enrollment Status: Survey Results Contrast with Official Statistics

China: Primary School Enrollment and Number of Primary Schools

Table 6.2. Change in Child Schooling between 2010 and 2014 Community Type Total Variables Rural Urban Percent In Kindergarten (age 3-5)* +10.6 -0.7 +8.0 In School (age 6-15) * +3.2 +3.4 +3.3 In Boarding School (10-15)* +6.7 +4.0 +4.9 Aspire for college degree (10-15)* -0.3 +2.6 Note: * p < .05 based on design-based Pearson chi square statistic.