predavanja v.as.mr. Samir Lemeš

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predavanja v.as.mr. Samir Lemeš slemes@mf.unze.ba Računarska grafika predavanja v.as.mr. Samir Lemeš slemes@mf.unze.ba

18. API API Jezici za sjenčenje OpenGL Microsoft API

API Application Programming Interface Skup potprograma koje aplikativni softver koristi za upravljanjem procedura od strane operativnog sistema Posrednik između softvera za obradu slike i operativnog sistema / hardvera Aplikacija API OS driver hardware

API Programski jezici nemaju izvorno naredbe za rad s grafikom Definišu se biblioteke potprograma Kako bi se osigurala portabilnost, kreatori biblioteka se moraju pridržavati standarda (specifikacije API-ja) Nedostatak: neiskorištenost svih mogućnosti hardvera

API 3D CORE (Core Graphics System) GKS (Graphics Kernel System) 1979. ACM SIGGRAPH (Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Graphics) GKS (Graphics Kernel System) ISO 88, 94, 97, 98, 99 (International Standards Organization) ANSI 85 (American National Standards Institute) PHIGS (Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System), PHIGS+ za pseudorealističan prikaz ISO 90, 97 ANSI 88 VRML (Virtual Reality Modelling Language) ISO 97, 98, 99

API Osim službenih standarda postoje industrijski standardi 93’ GL, OpenGL SGI 95’ Direct 3D Microsoft X Window System’s Xlib MIT PEX RenderMan Pixar PostScript Adobe Komercijalno značajniji od službenih standarda jer se jednostavnije mogu mijenjati. OpenGL - SIGGRAPH 2001. OpenML – integracija i sinhronizacija 3D grafike s video i audio zapisima (Media-rich programming, Khronos group) 2004. OpenGL2.0

Jezici za sjenčenje (engl. shading languages) programiranje grafičkog hardvera korištenjem jezika višeg nivoa (da se ne bi moralo programirati u asembleru za grafičku karticu) HLSL (engl. High-Level Shading Languages) –Direct3D, Microsoft, ’02. CG (engl. C for graphics) – Opengl, Direct3D, NVidia, ’02. GLSL (engl.The OpenGL Shading Language) –open standard, ARB, ’03.

Jezici za sjenčenje

OpenGL (engl. OpenGraphicsLibrary) http://www.opengl.org/ IrisGL - SGI osnova za OpenGL 1992. postaje industrijski standard programsko sučelje prema grafičkom hardveru, neovisan o platformi koji kontroliše skup specifičnih operacija crtanja 2D/3D (definiše kontekst za prikaz) GLX X-server extension API - definiše mrežni protokol za OpenGL naredbe za prikazivanje (enkapsulirane u X protokol)

OpenGL Primjer naredbe u OpenGL:

OpenGL Poređenje GLSL (OpenGL) sa jezikom za sjenčenje HLSL (Direct3D)

OpenGL Projektovan da može podržati napredne grafičke tehnike za realističan prikaz: preslikavanje tekstura na površinu uklanjanje nazubljenosti krivulja transparentnost zamagljivanje osvjetljavanje (izvori svjetla) glatko sjenčenje perspektive i 3D transformacije

Microsoft API DirectX predstavljen 1995. kao integrisani skup programerskih alata, za Windows multimedijalne aplikacije (igre ;-)) DirectX Graphics (Direct3D za prikaz 3D grafike i DirectDraw za 2D grafiku) DirectX Audio za zvuk (DirectSound i DrectMusic) DirectPlay za mrežno povezivanje DirectInput za ulazne uređaje (joystick,...)

Microsoft API dxdiag.exe OpenGL screensavers