Elements, Compounds & Mixtures

Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. Remember… Mass is a measure of how much matter is in an object. Volume is the amount of space taken up by an object.

What’s the Matter? Matter NOT Matter After the students spend time sorting the cards, go over the answers and ask them questions such as: Which cards were the easiest to identify? Were there any cards that you had a hard time with? What are some other examples of matter? Can you think of more examples that are not matter?

How is Matter Classified? Some types of matter are substances and some are not. A substance is a single kind of matter that is pure, meaning it is made up of only one type of atom or molecule. molecules atom

Atoms & Molecules An atom is the basic particle from which all elements are made. A molecule is a group of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. atom molecules

made up of only 1 type of atom or molecule What We Have So Far… has mass & volume Matter Substance made up of only 1 type of atom or molecule

Elements An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means. The Element Song

Elements Most elements are made up of the same individual atoms. Some elements (7) are diatomic molecules, which means they have 2 atoms bonded together.

Compounds A compound is a substance made of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio.

What We Have So Far… Matter Substance Element Compound has mass & volume Matter made up of only 1 type of atom or molecule Substance Element Compound cannot be broken down 2 or more elements that are chemically combined

homogeneous or heterogeneous Mixtures A mixture is made of 2 or more substances that are together in the same place, but their atoms are not chemically bonded. Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous

Homogeneous Mixtures A homogeneous mixture has substances that are so evenly mixed that you can’t see the different parts. milk soy sauce Kool-Aid coffee vinegar dish soap

Heterogeneous Mixtures A heterogeneous mixture is made up of particles that you can usually see and they can easily be separated. guacamole M & M’s trail mix salad pizza cereal

What We Have So Far… Matter Substance Mixture Element Compound has mass & volume Matter 2 or more substances not chemically combined made up of only 1 type of atom or molecule Substance Mixture Element Compound Homogeneous Heterogeneous you cannot see the different parts you can see the different parts & they can easily be separated cannot be broken down 2 or more elements that are chemically combined

Elements, Compounds & Mixtures Lab Write down the Jar number and if the substance is classified as an element, compound, or mixture (heterogeneous/homogeneous)

Solute: the substance being dissolved Solutions A solution is a mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute and it has the same properties throughout. Solute: the substance being dissolved Solvent: the substance that is usually present in the largest amount & does the dissolving

Solutes & Solvents For each of the following solutions, determine what the solutes and solvents are. Solution Solute(s) Solvent Chocolate Milk Coffee Freshly Squeezed Lemonade Freshly Squeezed Orange Juice Hot Chocolate Iced Tea Kool-Aid Mountain Dew Ocean Water Sterling Silver

Universal Solvent In many of the solutions on the previous slide, water is the solvent. Since water dissolves so many substances, it is often called the “universal solvent.”

Colloids A colloid is a mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not settle out. The particles are too small to be seen without a microscope, yet they are large enough to scatter a beam of light. smoke milk shaving cream not a colloid a colloid

Suspensions A suspension is a mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration. snow globe muddy water

How Can Mixtures Be Separated? Filtration – this a good method for separating an insoluble solid (one that does not dissolve) from a liquid; they separate when pouring the mixture through a filter

How Can Mixtures Be Separated? Evaporation – this is good for separating a soluble solid (one that dissolves) from a liquid; the liquid changes to a gas & the solid components are left behind

How Can Mixtures Be Separated? Distillation – good for separating liquids from each other

How Can Mixtures Be Separated? Magnetic attraction – good for separating iron from a mixture