Eating Disorders Ergogenic Aids

Bell Work If your name starts with an “A” find one interesting fact about anorexia nervosa. If your name starts with P find one interesting fact about Compulsive Eating Disorder. If your name starts with H, find one interesting fact about Bulimia. If your name starts with S, find one interesting fact about ergogenic aids. If your name starts with D, find one interesting fact about steroid use.

Standards 18) Choose a health parameter relevant to weight management disorders, such as the presence of anorexia nervosa in teens. Research local incidence information and investigate the scope of the disease/disorder in vulnerable populations. Compare that data to similar state, regional, and national information. Develop an action plan for addressing the weight management disorder for the identified area, complete with an analysis of the pros and cons associated with popular diets, recommended caloric intake, appropriate exercise, and other healthcare interventions. 19. According to articles in professional journals, ergogenic aids have been theorized to improve athletic performance in a variety of ways. In an informational essay, state the definition of ergogenic aids, identify how they are classified (including those that are banned), and describe documented benefits, dangers, and side effects.

Objective Identify weight management disorders Define ergogenic aids, how they are classified, and describe documented benefits, dangers, and side effects.

One out of every 150 American females ages 12- 30 years will develop an eating disorder. Statistically athletes are at a greater risk. 1/3 of all Americans are obese and 60% are overweight. 77% of individuals with eating disorders report that the illness can last anywhere from one to fifteen years or even longer in some cases. Anyone with an eating disorder is at risk for death.

The mortality rate for eating disorders is approximately 20% The mortality rate for eating disorders is approximately 20%. Death is usually due to a “side effect” of the disorder, i.e. cardiac arrest or kidney failure. Long-term, irreversible consequences of eating disorders may affect one’s physical and emotional health. Only 50% of all people with eating disorders report being “cured”. 10% of all people with eating disorders are male

The typical person with an eating disorder Obedient perfectionist over-compliant highly motivated successful academically well liked Signs of malnutrition. Menstrual irregularities. Loss of hair. Light-headedness. Blood-shot eyes. good athlete

Signs to look for include: Lack of confidence in performance. Ritualistic eating behaviors, such as cutting food into small pieces and playing with it. Obsession with calories. Obsession with weight. Distorted body image. Wearing layers of baggy clothing to hide thinness.

Signs to look for include: Social isolation Nervous at mealtime, avoidance of eating in public. Patterns of leaving the table directly to go to the bathroom. Running water in the bathroom after meals to hide the sound of vomiting. Significant weight loss. Obsession with grades.

Signs to look for include: Obsession with organization of personal space. High emotions; tearful, uptight, overly sensitive, restless. Recurrent overuse injuries and stress fractures. Inability to concentrate. Chronic fatigue. Compulsive exercising. Decrease in performance. Depression.

Anorexia Nervosa Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though they are already under-weight. Distorted body image (i.e., claiming to “feel fat” even when emaciated), with an undue influence of body weight or shape on self-perception. Weight loss to less than 85% of normal body weight. Refusal to maintain body weight over a minimal normal weight for age and height. Denial of the seriousness of the current weight loss. Absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles.

Bulimia Nervosa Recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterized by both of the following: Purging - compensating for the food binge to prevent weight gain, Binge eating and purging, on average, at least twice a week for three months. Evaluating self-worth according to body shape and weight.

Compulsive Eating A large percentage of individuals with eating disorders are compulsive eaters. A compulsive eater keeps eating beyond the time when hunger has been satisfied. Eating is driven by anxiety, fear, frustration, or anger, rather than by hunger or even pleasure. Compulsive eaters do not eat for pleasure. Weight does not indicate compulsive eating.

“Bigger-exia” Describes individuals who use steroids and other ergogenic aids to build muscles. They are compulsive and excessive about body building workouts. These individuals see extreme size as something to aspire to. Many health problems are associated with the use of steroids.

Ergogenic Aids A performance enhancer anything that gives you a mental or physical edge while exercising or competing.

Ergogenic Aids Any substance (or food) that is believed to enhance one’s performance above normal standards The IOC definition: “The administration or use of substances in any form alien to the body or of physiological substances in abnormal amounts and with abnormal methods by health persons with the exclusive aim of attaining an artificial and unfair increase in performance in sports”

The use substances is controversial Large amount of athletes Drug testing instituted to help eliminate the use of these substances Use of these substances cannot be condoned! Ethical violations Competition Health problems

Ephedra Reduce fatigue Increase strength, power, and speed Decrease reaction time Improve body composition Research indicates that there are no beneficial effects Side-effects Tremors, palpitations, headache, restlessness, anxiety, and insomnia Increases in both heart rate and blood pressure Seizures, severe hypertension, arrhythmias, psychosis, hepatitis, stroke, myocardial injury, and intracranial hemorrhage

Caffeine 90% of competitive athletes consume it 60 % consume it for the purpose of enhancing performance. Increased Work output Speed Attention Reduced perceived exertion and fatigue Side-effects Sleep deprivation, nausea, cramping, anxiety, fatigue, headaches, and gastrointestinal instability Muscle tightness, muscle cramping, and dehydration

Other Ergogenic Acids Narcotics Beta Blockers Diuretics Anabolic steroids Human Growth Hormone Erythropoietin/Blood doping Local Anesthetics Creatine What is the drug? What does it do? How could it help performance? What are side-effects?

Narcotics Masks pain caused by musculoskeletal injury, Allows them to compete Side-Effects of Narcotics Nausea Vomiting Dizziness Addiction Hypotension Drowsiness Mood disturbances

Beta Blockers Reduces Side-effects Blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tremors and even anxiety Relaxing effect on muscle function Side-effects Severe blood sugar changes and heart failure Interferes with performing strenuous physical activities Nausea Weakness when the heart cannot compensate for the body's demands

Diuretics Increases the amount you urinate Sports where weight is a concern Dilute presence of drug markers in the urine Side-effects Life-threatening dehydration Loss of sodium, dizziness, headaches, muscle cramps and thirst

Anabolic Steroids Male hormone testosterone Side-effects men Treat conditions that cause a loss of lean muscle mass Help body metabolize proteins Facilitate the development of skeletal muscle Delay fatigue Create a feeling of euphoria Side-effects men infertility, breast development, shrinking of the testicles, male-pattern baldness, severe acne and cysts Side-effects women Deeper voice, excessive growth of body hair, male- pattern baldness, severe acne and cysts Other Effects of Anabolic Steroid Abuse Delayed growth in adolescents, tendon rupture, increased LDL cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks, enlargement of the heart's left ventricle, cancer, jaundice, fluid retention, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, "roid rage" - rage and aggression, mania, delusions

Human Growth Hormone Brain produces and releases growth hormones Development and repair of cells Proposed Benefits Increased synthesis of muscle protein Stimulation of bone growth Increased fat metabolism Decreased body fat Increased blood glucose Enhanced injury healing Side-effects Carpal tunnel syndrome Edema Arthritis Atrophy, or shrinkage, of the pituitary gland

Erythropoietin (EPO) Naturally-occurring hormone Stimulates production of red blood cells

Blood Doping https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=JGti1J6oNc4 Proposed Benefits Improved oxygen circulation to the muscles and tissues Increased muscle energy production Increased muscle strength and size Increased endurance Reduced muscle recovery time Side-effects Thicken the blood Increases the strain on the heart Increases the risk of blood clots Heart attacks Strokes https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=JGti1J6oNc4

Local Anesthetics Treating inflammation and the pain and discomfort associated with inflammation Possible Benefits Able to play on injury area Less pain Side-effects Hemorrhaging or bleeding Mental functions impaired Allergic reaction Destruction of the cartilage in the joint Nerve damage Weakened and ruptured tendons Thinning of the nearby bone Increased pain and discomfort, as well as a worsening of the underlying condition

Creatine non-essential amino acid stored in muscles for energy formed from amino acids and plays a role in converting food into energy kidney disease and kidney failure, water retention, nausea, diarrhea, cramping, muscle pain, and high blood pressure https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=BR3dDO1Sz0E

Preventing Drug Use In Sport The goal of sporting organizations is to protect the health of athletes and to help ensure that competition is fair and equitable. Sports programs should have full-service programs that provide substance abuse education, counseling, and drug- detection. Drug testing should be performed periodically in a random manner.

Athletes, parents, coaches, athletic trainers, physicians, and administrators must be educated about the dangers of drug abuse and the fact that it has no place in sports participation and recreation. Above all, a sports program must adopt the philosophy that “winning at all costs” is wrong. It is essential for athletes to believe that if they do their very best and adhere to the rules of the sport, they will be doing exactly what is expected of them.

Assignment 1 Standard 19: Identify how they are classified (including those that are banned), and describe documented benefits, dangers, and side effects.

Assignment 2: Pick One Ergogenic Aid a. How readily available is this supplement/aid?  b. Are they a popular form of supplementation/aid use among athletes? Which type of athletes use them? Why? b. Is it considered illegal or legal? Ethical? Explain. c. Is it safe? Effective? What are the characteristics of the groups in which effectiveness was shown (i.e. - age, gender, training, nutritional status, etc.) Complete Chart:/Questions: Due by Thursday, Nov. 30