BIOMES Chapter 12 Page 518

Biomes of the Earth

1) What is the difference between a tropical and temperate rainforest? Warm Up 1) What is the difference between a tropical and temperate rainforest? 2) Name 2 other facts about the tropical rainforest. 3) What makes a Biome a Biome?

Foldable You will need 5 pieces of white paper. Stack them to make a foldable and staple the top. Label the front “Biomes of the World”. Each tab gets a biome as shown on the next slide.

Biomes 1) Rain Forest (Temperate/Tropical) 2) Desert 3) Grassland (Savanna/Prairie) 4) Deciduous Forest 5) Boreal Forest (Taiga) (Coniferous) 6) Tundra 7) Freshwater 8) Saltwater (Marine)

Label Each Page of Your Biomes Foldable 1) Name of Biome (On the tab) 2) Temperature of Biome 3) Precipitation of Biome 4) Three organisms from the Biome 5) 3 additional facts about that Biome

Ecosystems and Biomes 20. Biomes? A group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms Climate (temperature+precipitation)

Terrestrial Biomes vs. Aquatic Biomes Terrestrial – 6 major land biomes Aquatic- Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems Mountain Ranges- climate changes as you increase in elevation

6 Major Terrestrial Biomes Tropical Rain Forest Desert Grassland Deciduous Forest Taiga Tundra

Aquatic Biomes Freshwater- Streams, rivers, ponds and lakes Estuary- where the freshwater of a river meets the salt water of the ocean (nursery) Ocean- Intertidal zone, Neritic zone, and the Open ocean

Tundra

Did you know that the Arctic Tundra is the world's youngest biome? *Found in the far north and on the tops of mountains. *No trees are found in the tundra. *It is the coldest biome average temp. -20 to -30 F * Precipitation totals 6- 10 inches a year, which includes snow *There are two types of tundra: arctic and alpine Tundra

Artic Tundra *Has permafrost which stays frozen year round Water is available and the surface is wet and soggy Summer last for 6-10 weeks, temp high 45 F Small shrubs, grasses, moss and lichens grow during the summer months.

Alpine Tundra Lots of sunshine and precipitation in the form of snow Located above the tree line of tall mountains

The tundra is located above the taiga in the northern hemisphere The tundra is located above the taiga in the northern hemisphere. It spans from most of Greenland, to parts of Alaska, northern Canada, and northern Russia.

Forests There are three types of forests… 1.) Temperate Deciduous Forests 2.) Tropical Rain Forests 3.) Taiga (Coniferous Forests/Boreal Forests)

Taiga

Taiga This biome has long cold winters Has evergreen trees – trees that stay green all year long. *Conifers are trees that produce seeds in cones and have needle-like leaves (pine trees) *Animals in this biome often hibernate or migrate *This is the largest biome *AKA: coniferous forest and boreal forest

Taiga Rainfall – 35 - 75cm Temp.- Summer :70 F Winter : -65 to 30 F The taiga is the largest of all land biomes and has long cold winters. Animals of the taiga tend to be predators like the lynx and members of the weasel family like wolverines, bobcat, minks and ermine. They hunt herbivores like snowshoe rabbits, red squirrels and voles. Red deer, elk, and moose can be found in regions of the taiga where more deciduous trees grow.

The taiga is only found in the northern hemisphere and it’s the largest biome Click to the next slide to see plants and animals commonly found in this biome

POD # 25 Tundra What is the average temp in the tundra? What is the average rainfall in the tundra? What is the Permafrost? What are the two types of tundra? Name three animals that live in the tundra?

Tropical Rain Forest

Tropical Rain Forest More species live here than any other biome Canopy – treetops in the rainforest. Most animals live there Very little light reaches the ground b/c of the canopy This is the wettest and warmest biome Rainfall – up to 400cm Temp.- Daytime– 34C, 93F Nighttime– 20C, 68F

The world’s rainforest’s are found in tropical locations near the equator. Click to the next slide to see plants and animals commonly found in this biome

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Temperate Deciduous Forest Deciduous means “to fall off” – the trees in this region have leaves that fall off. We live in a temperate forest! Rainfall – 75 – 125cm Temp.- Summer – 28C, 82F Winter– 6C, 43F

Temperate Deciduous Forest’s are typically found in the northern hemisphere. Click to the next slide to see plants and animals commonly found in this biome

POD # 26 Tropical Rain Forest Where is this biome located? Where do all of the animals live? Name three animals that are from this biome? What are two resources that we get from the Tropical Rain Forest? How much rain does it get per year?

Grasslands -Grasses are the main vegetation. -There biomes are typically found between forests and deserts. -These biomes exist on every continent except Antarctica. -They are also known as plains, prairies, savannas, and steppes.

Temperate Grassland

Temperate Grasslands This biome has mixed grasses with various plants and a few trees Rainfall – 25-75cm Temp.- Summer – 30C, 86F Winter – 0C, 32F

Savanna

Savanna Tropical grassland with scattered clumps of trees. It has a rainy season and a dry season. The majority of the world’s savannas are in Africa. Rainfall – 150cm Temp.- Rainy Season : 16C, 61F Dry Season : 34C, 93F

The Earth’s Grasslands Click to the next slide to see plants and animals commonly found in this biome

Desert

Desert Hot and dry with a variety of plants and animals. Animals are most active at night (nocturnal) This is the biome with the least rainfall Rainfall – less than 25cm Temp.- Summer: 49C, 100F Winter : 7C, 45F

The Earth’s Deserts Click to the next slide to see plants and animals commonly found in this biome

POD # 16 Desert and Grassland Why can it be 100 F during the day in the desert and 50 F at night? What is the most rainfall per year a desert can receive to be considered a Desert? Where are most prairies located? What is the difference between a prairie and a savanna? What type of seasons does a grassland have?

POD # 18 Forest What biome do you live in? How is it different from the Taiga biome? What is the average rainfall for the Taiga? Where is the Taiga located?

Aquatic Ecosystems

Aquatic Ecosystems 70-75% of Earth is made up of water. *3% of water is fresh water, 97% is salt water. *Less than 1% of fresh water is available for drinking. *The main producers in aquatic biomes are algae.

Freshwater Ecosystems The water is drinkable and has no salt Examples: streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps, marshes A small stream that leads into a big stream is called a tributary A place where the water is above ground for the majority of the year is called a wetland A swamp has many trees, but a marsh has few trees 5 great lakes – Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior Longest river in the world – Nile River

Marine Ecosystems The water is undrinkable and has lots of salt Salt is the main abiotic factor in a marine ecosystem Examples: oceans, seas, gulfs, bays The place where freshwater from a river and saltwater from the ocean mix is called an estuary. Most organisms in a marine ecosystem live near the shore