LS. 9 Biomes and Ecosystems The student will understand how organisms adapt to biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem.

Snapshot _____ is when an organism changes to survive in its ecosystem. _____ is when an animal lowers its metabolism to survive when there is not enough food or it is too cold.

Biomes Large area of land with similar climates & ecosystems Average weather pattern 7 different biomes broken into 4 groups Forest Desert Grassland Tundra

Tundra Biomes Cold, dry, treeless Cold desert Permafrost Organisms: permanently frozen soil Few nutrients Organisms: Mosses, grasses, small shrubs Snowy owls, reindeer, musk ox Climate Average temp -12 C < 25 cm or precipitation 2 seasons = winter & summer Location: Near Arctic circle

The Tundra

Snapshot The tundra is located near the ______. The average temperature in the tundra is _________. ___________ succession takes thousands of years and starts with creation of new land. There are _______ biomes.

Forest Biomes Biomes with trees 3 main types Taiga Deciduous Tropical Rain

Taiga Largest biome Dense cone-bearing evergreen trees Soil thaws during summer Some permafrost Location South of tundra in North America & Eurasia Climate 35 to 100 cm of snow a year 2 seasons Long winter Summer Average Temp. 5 C Organisms Evergreen trees, lichens, & mosses Moose, lynx, shrews, bears, & foxes

Taiga

Temperate Forest 2 Types Location Climate Deciduous Rain Europe, New Zealand North America Climate 4 distinct seasons Precipitation/ yr Deciduous 75-150cm Rain 200 to 400 cm

Comparing Temperate Forest Temperate Deciduous Organisms: deciduous trees (maples & oaks), some evergreens, grasses Deer, raccoons, opossum, Amphibians, bears Location In U.S east of Mississippi River Temperate Rain Organisms: Firs, cedars, spruces Black bear, cougar, bobcat, spotted owl, amphibians Location: North West U.S. Washington state & Oregon, New Zealand, S. America

Temperate Deciduous & Rain Forest

Snapshot ______ forest have trees that lose their leaves in the autumn. ______ are located east of the MS river in the U.S. ______ forest receive over 200 cm of rain a year. List four organelles in a cell and name their functions. Describe respiration in your own words. _____ are located just south of the tundra.

Tropical Rain Forest Warm, wet, & green Greatest biodiversity More than half of world’s species Lush plant growth Few nutrients in soil Great decomposers Climate Average temp 25 C (75 F) 200-600 cm of rain/ yr Location: Near the equator 6% of earth

Zones of the Rainforest EMERGENT LAYER tallest trees as much as 200 feet above the forest floor trunks up to 16 feet around broad-leaved, hardwood evergreens. Sunlight eagles, monkeys, bats and butterflies. CANOPY LAYER primary layer forms a roof over the two remaining layers Many animals b/c food is abundant.   Ex. snakes, toucans and tree frogs.

Zones of the Rainforest UNDERSTORY LAYER plants grow larger leaves to reach sunlight plants usually < 12 feet animals live here: jaguars, red-eyed tree frogs, leopards, large amount of insects FOREST FLOOR very dark Almost no plants things begin to decay quickly Giant anteaters live in this layer.

Snapshot What is the layer of the tropical rainforest that has the tallest trees? The tropical rainforest has ______ soil. The temperature in the tropical rainforest is usually _______ C. The tropical rainforest is located near the ______.

Grasslands Climax community made up of grasses instead of trees 4 main types Prairies in N.America Steppes in Asia Savannas in Africa Pampas in S.America Good for agriculture Crops – wheat & corn Animals– cattle & sheep Climate 25 cm- 75 cm precipitation Temperate & tropical weather

Deserts Driest biome on Earth Thin, sandy, gravelly, poor soil Barren Sand dunes Climate Less than 25 cm of rain/yr Hot in day cool at night Organisms: Cactus Kangaroo rat Location: Western U.S., South America, Africa, Asia, Australia

Snapshot What is an adaptation? Give 2 or more examples of adaptations.

Snapshot Parasitism, mutualism, & commensalism are all types of ________. Giraffes and elephants are usually found in savannas, which are a type of ________. Giraffes have long necks that allow them to eat leaves on trees this is an example of a(n) _____. A plant with no leaves that could store water would be best adapted to live in the ________.