Latin 1 Mr. zboril | Milford PEP

Chapter 1 Getting Started I am happy you are in my class. You are important to me – don’t ever think otherwise! This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Chapter 1 Getting Started Some phrases for class: salvē ‘sal-way’ hello salvē discipulī hello students! ‘sal-way dis-cip-u-li’ salvē magister hello teacher! quid es? how are you? bonum / bona good (boys / girls) nōn bonum / bona not well (boys / girl)

Chapter 1 Getting Started sī placet please grātia thank you aperīte librōs open the books intelligisne hoc? do you understand? sīc est yes minimē no valē Good-bye! (pronounced ‘wal-ay’)

Chapter 1 Getting Started Latin Alphabet Consisted of 20 letters A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T V X K Y Z added to incorporate Greek J U W added to adapt other languages Using only the original 20 letters Can you write your first name? Can you write your last name?

Chapter 1 Pronunciation No Soft Consonants ‘c’ as in cat, not ‘c’ as in cent cantō – I sing cēna - dinner ‘t’ as in table, not ‘t’ as in nation teneō – I hold ratiō - reason ‘g’ as in ‘goat’, not ‘g’ as in gentle grātia - thanks

Chapter 1 Pronunciation No Soft Consonants roll the r’s if you can, as in Spanish and Italian labōrō – to work Rōma ‘s’ as in sit, not as in visor or please semper – always stella - star ‘v’ like the ‘w’ in wine victōria – victory vir - man ‘x’ as in ox, not as in exert nox – night rēx - king

Chapter 1 Latin Vowels Same as English a e I o u short a as in cat or alike casa long ā as in mother māter short e as in excellent pater long ē as in they cēna short i as in Katniss inter long ī as in machine īre short o as in pot bonus long ō as in Snow cantō short u as in hunger Marcus long ū as in Rue lūdus Did you notice there is no long i sound (as in like)?

Chapter 1 Other Pronunciation Enter the Diphthongs Diphthongs are a combination of two vowels to create one sound ‘ae’ combine to form a long I sound (like or spine) fēminae ‘women’ Caesar (remember – hard ‘c’) ‘oe’ combines to sound like the ‘oi’ in coil proelium Some other diphthongs are on page 4 of your text THERE ARE NO SILENT LETTERS IN LATIN!

Chapter 1 Accenting Say the following sentences out loud... We object to the object of the speech. We will present a birthday present of White Castle cheeseburgers to the teacher. Accenting a different syllable of present and object changes the meaning of the word. This does not happen in Latin – every word is accented in a uniform manner.

Chapter 1 Accenting The last syllable is never accented. nauta nau-ta Accenting rules: The last syllable is never accented. nauta nau-ta In words of more than two syllables, accent the next-to-last syllable if long. poēta po-ē-ta In words of more than two syllables, accent the third-from-last if not long. paenīnsula pae-nīn-su-la

Chapter 1 Section 5 - Sentence Structure Greece attacks Troy carries a different meaning than Troy attacks Greece In Latin, Greece attacks Troy would be written Grecia Trōiam oppugnat. It can also be written Grecia oppugnat Trōiam. or even Trōiam oppugnat Grecia. …but how can this be?

Chapter 1 Section 5 - Sentence Structure The word order in Latin is not as important as in English. What is most important are the word endings. ‘Grecia’ does the attacking. Ends in ‘-a’ 1st Declension noun – nominative (subject) ‘Oppugnat’ will mean ‘attack’ 1st Conjugation verb ‘Troiam’ is receiving the action – it is the direct object. Ends in ‘-am’ 1st Declension noun – accusative (direct object).

Chapter 1 Section 5 - Sentence Structure ‘Grecia Trōiam oppugnat.’ means ‘Greece attacks Troy.’ How do you think we should translate ‘Troia oppugnat Greciam.’? ‘Troy attacks Greece.’ These word endings (– a & - am) are called INFLECTIONS. Latin relies on inflections to convey the meaning of the sentence.

Look at the following Latin sentence: Cōpiae ā Greciā navigant, et oppidum Trōiae oppugnabunt. Translation: Troops sail from Greece, and will attack the town of Troy.

I can stay afterwards for extra help Instructor Contact Information Email cell: 513-375-7552 Class Time 2pm Tues & Thurs I can stay afterwards for extra help Instructor web page