What is the anatomy of the spinal cord? BIOL 2010 Human Anatomy & Physiology I What is the anatomy of the spinal cord? Spinal cord is link between ______ and _________ Spinal cord ends ~ ____ vertebra but trailing nerves form _________ ____________ Enlargements for regions innervating limbs (________ and ______________) Regions of convergence/divergence called ______________es

How are the layers of the meninges arranged? The ___________ extends down the vertebral foramen. There is a ____________ that is largely a “potential space” The __________ and ___________ are arranged similarly as in the cranium.

How does spinal anesthesia work? Epidurals and spinal blocks: anesthetics injected into the __________ and ____________ spaces respectively.

How does spinal cord form denote function? Spinal cord contains white and gray matter (Remember the significance of each?) gangli Spinal cord w/ distinct anterior and posterior formations, including “horns” of gray matter. ___________ contains neuron cell bodies that synapse with afferent neurons. ____________ contains neuron cell bodies that send efferent axon ___________ ~ autonomic neuron cell bodies

What are the various spinal reflexes and how do they work? Stretch reflex: 1) 2) 3) 4)

What are the various spinal reflexes and how do they work? Golgi tendon reflex: 1) 2) 3) 4)

What are the various spinal reflexes and how do they work? Withdrawal reflex: 1) 2) 3) 4)

What are the various spinal reflexes and how do they work? Reciprocal innervation (withdrawal 2) reflex: 1) 2) 3) 4)

What are the various spinal reflexes and how do they work? Crossed extensor (withdrawal 3) reflex: 1) 2) 3)

How does the spinal cord bridge the gap between CNS and the rest of the body? Numerous pathways exist connecting receptors, association neurons, and regions of the CNS. Usually named by origin/insertion Ex. Spinothalamic tract

Does the spinal cord have any peripheral nerves? 31 pairs of nerves associated with the spinal cord (spinal nerves) lettered and numbered in same fashion as vertebrae T1-12 L1-5 S1-5

What is the association between cutaneous sensation and spinal nerves? Spinal nerves innervate specific regions of the body and are mapped out on a ____________ ________ Predict the possible site of nerve damage for a patient who suffered whiplash and developed anesthesia in the left arm, forearm and hand!

Spinal Nerves: ______________ Origin? Branches from posterior cord of brachial plexus Motion? Cutaneous?

Spinal Nerves: _____________ Origin? Branches from posterior cord of brachial plexus Motion? Cutaneous?

Spinal Nerves: ________________________ Origin? Branches from lateral cord of brachial plexus Motion? Cutaneous?

Spinal Nerves: ______________ Origin? Branches from medial & lateral cord of brachial plexus Motion? Cutaneous?

Spinal Nerves: _____________ Origin? Branches from medial cord of brachial plexus Motion? Cutaneous?

Spinal Nerves: ______________ Origin? Branches from lumbosacral plexus Motion? Cutaneous?

Spinal Nerves: _____________ Origin? Branches from lumbosacral plexus Motion? Cutaneous?

Spinal Nerves: ______________ Origin? Branches from lumbosacral plexus Motion? Cutaneous?