Kiek Kainuoja GigaFlopas? arba Trimačio Vaizdo Spartintuvai

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Presentation transcript:

Kiek Kainuoja GigaFlopas? arba Trimačio Vaizdo Spartintuvai Aras Pranckevičius, IFM-9/1

PC vs 3D spartintuvas 11.2 44.1 (~200) 55 107 64 256 6.4 21.8 1220 P4@2.8GHz 256MB DDR400 R350@380MHz 128MB DDR380 GFLOPS 11.2 44.1 (~200) Tranzistorių, M 55 107 RAM magistralės plotis, bitais 64 256 RAM greitis, GB/s 6.4 21.8 Kaina, Lt 1220 1370 MFLOPS/Lt 9.18 32.19

3D spartintuvas ATi Radeon 9700Pro

Ką daro? Tekstūruoti trikampiai Nieko daugiau! Viršūnių transformacijos Vertex shader Veiksmai kiekvienam vaizduojamam taškui Pixel shader Nieko daugiau!

Architektūra CPU RAM VRAM GPU Monitorius AGP

Veiksmai/duomenys Vertex shader Pixel Konstantos Tekstūros Viršūnės Perspektyva Atkirtimas Trikampiai Interpoliavimas Rasterizacija Pixel Konstantos Alpha testas Z testas Stencil testas Tekstūros Viršūnės

Spartinančios atmintys (kešai) Vertex shader Perspektyva Atkirtimas Trikampiai Interpoliavimas Rasterizacija Pixel Konstantos Alpha testas Z testas Stencil testas Tekstūros Viršūnės

Ypatybės Beveik nėra duomenų priklausomybių Aišku, iš kur skaitoma Aišku, kur rašoma Niekada nerašoma ten, iš kur skaitoma Skaičiavimo programos žinomos iš anksto Tvarkyklės gali jas optimizuoti Superkonvejerizacija Šimtai ir tūkstančiai

Skaičiavimai Daug duomenų su ta pačia programa Single Program Multiple Data Lygiagretūs skaičiavimai Pvz., 4 ar 8 atskiri konvejeriai SIMD 4D vektoriai, arba 3D vektoriai + skaliaras

Viršūnių apdorojimas (R300) Vienu taktu – 9 FLOP SIMD: 4xFMAD Viena sudėtinga operacija (rcp,rsq,log,exp,...) 4 nepriklausomi konvejeriai 32 registrai po 4 float 4*(4*2+1)*400MHz = 14.4 GFLOPS

Fragmentų apdorojimas (R300) Vienu taktu – 10 FLOP SIMD: 4xFMAD Viena sudėtinga operacija (rcp,rsq,log,exp,...) Viena tekstūros adreso operacija 8 nepriklausomi konvejeriai 32 registrai po 4 float (24 bitų) 8*(4*2+1+1)*400MHz = 32.0 GFLOPS

Kitos operacijos Neprogramuojamos (kolkas) Bi/tri-tiesinis filtravimas 56 IOPS * 8 konv * 400MHz = 89.6 GIOPS Trikampių paruošimas/skaidymas Trikampių atributų interpoliavimas

Kur tai dėti Kompiuteriniai žaidimai/grafika Visi jau tai daro Vektoriniai/srautiniai skaičiavimai! Vaizdų apdorojimas Veiksmai su matricomis Skaičiuojamoji geometrija ... ir t.t.

www.gpgpu.org Sparse Matrix Solvers on GPU Interactive 3D Brain Tumor Segmentation Deformation of Level Set Surfaces Fast Fourier Transform on GPU Radiosity on Graphics Hardware Dense Matrix Algebra on GPU Simulation of Cloud Dynamics