Psychology in Everyday Life David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall Psychology in Everyday Life Third Edition Chapter 10 Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Fuse/Getty Images The events of our lives flow through a psychological filter. How we appraise an event influences how much stress we experience and how effectively we respond. Figure 10.1 Stress appraisal David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Krista Kennell/AFP/Getty Images AP Photo/ Chile's Presidency When a gold and copper mine in Chile collapsed in 2010, family and friends rushed to the scene, fearing the worst. Many of those holding vigil outside the mine were nearly exhausted with the stress of waiting and worrying. Then—good news! After waiting and worrying for 18 days, they heard that all 33 men inside the mine were alive and well. Figure 10.2 Selye’s general adaptation syndrome David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 10.3 A simplified view of immune responses David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Laurent / Yakou / Science Source People with the highest life-stress scores were also most likely to develop colds when exposed to an experimentally delivered virus (Cohen et al., 1999). Figure 10.4 Stress and colds David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Ko Sasaki/ The New York Times/ Redux This is especially so when stress is experienced by angry, depressed, or anxious people. Job and income loss caused by the recent economic recession has created stress for many people, such as this jobless Japanese man living in a Tokyo “capsule hotel.” Figure 10.5 Stress can have a variety of health-related consequences David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

When animals and people experience no control over repeated bad events, they often learn helplessness. Figure 10.6 Learned helplessness David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

OLJ Studio /Shutterstock (From McCann & Holmes, 1984.) Figure 10.7 Aerobic exercise reduced depression David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

David Madison/ Jupiterimages The San Francisco Recurrent Coronary Prevention Project offered counseling from a cardiologist to survivors of heart attacks. Those who were also guided in modifying their Type A lifestyle suffered fewer repeat heart attacks. (From Friedman & Ulmer, 1984.) Figure 10.8 Recurrent heart attacks and life style modification David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

One 28-year study followed more then 5200 adults (Oman et al One 28-year study followed more then 5200 adults (Oman et al., 2002; Strawbridge et al., 1997, 1999). After adjusting for age and education, the researchers found that religious attendance, regular exercise, and not smoking all predicted a lowered risk of death in any given year. Women attending weekly religious services, for example, were only 54 percent as likely to die in a typical study year as were nonattenders. Figure 10.9 Predictors of longer life: Regular religious attendance, frequent exercise, and not smoking David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 10.10 Possible explanations for the correlation between religious involvement and health/longevity David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 10. 11 How to flourish David G. Myers and C Figure 10.11 How to flourish David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Adam Kramer (personal correspondence, 2010) tracked positive and negative emotion words in many “billions” (the exact number is proprietary information) of status updates of U.S. users of Facebook between September 7, 2007, and November 17, 2010. Figure 10.12 Using web science to track happy days David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Yearly surveys of more than 200,000 entering U. S Yearly surveys of more than 200,000 entering U.S. college students have, since 1970, revealed an increasing desire for wealth. (From The American Freshman surveys, UCLA, 1966 to 2012.) Figure 10.13 The changing materialism of entering college students David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Money surely helps us to avoid certain types of pain Money surely helps us to avoid certain types of pain. Yet, though buying power has almost tripled since the 1950s, the average American’s reported happiness has remained almost unchanged. (Happiness data from National Opinion Research Center surveys; income data from Historical Statistics of the United States and Economic Indicators.) Figure 10.14 Does money buy happiness? David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10. 1 Happiness Is. David G. Myers and C Table 10.1 Happiness Is . . . David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers