Unit 1: Archaeology and Stone Age

Lesson 1: Studying the Past

I. What is History. A. History is the study of the past. B I. What is History? A. History is the study of the past. B. Historians are people who study history. 1. Questions they ask. a. How did people live? ( work, fight, trade, farm, worship) b. Why did they make certain choices? c. How did they solve problems? 2. Historians study culture: the knowledge, beliefs, customs, and values of a group of people.

II. What is Archaeology. A II. What is Archaeology? A. Archaeology is the study of the past based on what people left behind. B. Archaeologists study places and things. 1. Examples: ruins, jewelry, tools, pottery, etc. Dr. Zahi Hawass

III. Tools of Historians and Archaeologists A III. Tools of Historians and Archaeologists A. Fossils: a part or imprint of something that was once alive. Example: bone B. Artifacts: objects created and used by humans. Example: pottery C. Primary Source: is an account of an event created by someone who took part in or witnessed the event. Example: Journal Entry D. Secondary Source: is information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness the event. Example: Textbook E. Geography: Historians study the geography of an area (climate, landforms, resources, and environment) to help understand how cultures developed and lived in certain areas

Tools of Historians Scavenger Hunt Page H3-H5 Use your textbook to find the following “tools.” Write down the page number. Tool Type of Source (Primary or Secondary) Page Number Document Artifact Map Photograph Painting or Drawing

Lesson 2: Pre-history~ Hunter-Gatherers

I. Prehistory- the time before there was writing. II I. Prehistory- the time before there was writing. II. Early Humans- there are many theories about early humans and how people came to be. You may be interested in researching some of these theories. III. The Stone Age is the name that historians give to the time before recorded history. It is divided into three eras, or time periods. They are: a. Paleolithic Era b. Mesolithic Era c. Neolithic Era

A. In the Stone Ages people used stone tools IV. Stone Age People A. In the Stone Ages people used stone tools 1. Tool : is any handheld object that has been modified to help a person accomplish a task. 2. In the Paleolithic Era people used rocks as tools to process food by cutting, chopping, or scraping.   B. Hunter-Gatherer Societies 1. Society- is a community of people who share a common culture. 2. Hunter-Gatherers: people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive.

3. How they lived: a. These early people lived in small groups. b 3. How they lived: a. These early people lived in small groups. b. They were nomads-they moved from place to place to find shelter and food. 4. Culture a. Language was developed in this era. b. Carvings. c. Cave Paintings (animals, humans, and hand prints) d. Scientists are not sure if they had religion.

Why would the Deer be the subject of their painting?

Lascaux Virtual Tour http://www.lascaux.culture.fr/?lng=en#/fr/00.xml

Exit Slip 1. What is a Hunter- Gatherer? 2. How would your life be different if you were a hunter-gatherer

Lesson 3: The Paleolithic and Mesolithic Eras

I. Paleolithic Era or Old Stone Age (began 2 million years ago; ended about 10,000 years ago.) A. During this era there were long periods of freezing weather (in some areas) called the Ice Ages. B. Due to climate changes people had to move, or migrate because food was scarce. 1. Scarcity: not enough of a resource.

C. During one ice age, a strip of land between Asia and North America was exposed called the Bering Strait. 1. Land bridges allowed people to migrate around the world. 2. As people migrated they had to adapt to new environments. 3. Then, the weather warmed again, and the land bridges disappeared under water.

 II. The Mesolithic Era or Middle Stone Age (ended about 3000 BC) III. New Tools and Technologies a. The Mesolithic people used new tools that were smaller and more complex than those from the Old Stone Age. 1. Bone and Stone tools with handles. 2. Fishing hooks and spears 3. Bow and arrow 4. Learned to make canoes 5. Began to make pottery 6. Pets 7. Better clothing and shelter b. Learned to control fire.   INNOVATION! Highlight tools we still use today.

Think About It! If you had the ability to invent any new tool or technology to make life better, what would it be? Why did you choose this particular tool or technology?

King of the Road If we added another verse to our song about the Mesolithic Era, what information from our notes would you include?

HOTQ Exit Slip HOTQ #1: How did scarcity contribute to migration in the Stone Age?   HOTQ #2: What new technology made life easier in the Mesolithic Era?

Lesson 4: The Neolithic Era

I. Neolithic Era and First Farmers a. The Neolithic Era or New Stone Age was different than the other eras because it was a time of major changes affecting human life.   II. New Tools and Technology a. People began using polished stones to make saws and drills. b. People learned how to make FIRE. c. Eventually, people learned how to make tools out of metal- this ended the Neolithic Era or Stone Ages.

III. The Neolithic or “Agricultural” Revolution A. As the earth warmed new plants began to grow that people depended on for food. B. People began to live where the food was. C. People learned that they could plant seeds to grow their own crops (food). 1. Agriculture (farming) is one of the GREATEST achievements in human history!!!! D. Domestication began as people changed plants and animals to make them more useful.

2. Built permanent shelters and communities 3. Populations grew E. Farming and having a stable food supply changed society as people had more time to do other activities than just finding food. 1. Learned how to make cloth from wool and plants and began trading with one another. 2. Built permanent shelters and communities 3. Populations grew 4. Religious ceremonies became more common. 5. Megaliths or huge stone monuments were built. a. Example: Stonehenge in England. 6. People began to worship gods and goddesses based on nature, and their ancestors.

7. New jobs were created. a. Farmers b. Weavers c. Basket makers d 7. New jobs were created. a. Farmers b. Weavers c. Basket makers d. Toolmakers e. Traders f. Stoneworkers (jewelry, mirrors) g. Potters decorated baskets and pottery with shapes. Have them circle or highlight jobs we still have today.

Hunter Gatherers v. First Farmers Notebook Entry Hunter Gatherers v. First Farmers Hunter-Gatherers BOTH First Farmers Lived in all 3 Eras Neolithic Era Spent most of their time looking for food Could have a variety of jobs Nomadic Stayed in 1 place No permanent shelters Built permanent shelters ONLY hunted & gathered Hunted & Gathered Farmed Used dogs for hunting Domesticated animals (livestock) Learned to use fire Learned to make Fire

3 Eras ANSWERS Neolithic Era Paleolithic Era Mesolithic Era Directions: For each list below write in the Era of the Stone Age that matches. 1. Made Fire, learned to farm, lived in villages, domesticated plants and animals. 2. simple stone tools, migrated on the land bridge, hunted and gathered, nomadic 3. bone and stone tools with handles, better clothing and shelter, learned to make canoes, used fishing hooks and spears. Word Bank Paleolithic Era Mesolithic Era Neolithic Era

Stonebook or Instarock In your notebook create a Stonebook Profile or Instarock Account for your Stone Age character. Draw your character (stick figure) Choose which Stone Age Era they live in. Illustrate/Include 4-5 details in their profile that shows which era they are from. StoneBook Instarock