Introduction to Linguistics LI 2013 Nathalie F. Martin Prendre le temps de me presenter

Outline of Today’s Class Today’s objective: What do linguists do? What is linguistics? Theoretical linguistics vs. applied linguistics How can linguistics relate to you?

LINGUISTS What do linguists do?

Linguists Don’t Necessarily Know Many Languages

Linguists do grammar differently

Linguists Study Language As It Is Spoken What Didja Ya Say? Linguists Study Language As It Is Spoken Linguists

Spoken Language: Slang Linguists have the tools to study slang! Linguists

Linguists Study Communication

They also study Non-verbal communication Linguists They also study Non-verbal communication

Theoretical linguistics Applied Linguistics

Theoretical linguistics Phonetics Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics (Language Sounds) (Language Sounds Interaction) (Word parts) (Arrangement of Words in a Sentence) (Word & sentence Meanings) (Language in Use)

Phonetics (Language Sounds): Accents

Phonetics (Language Sounds): Pronounciation

Phonology: Analysis of sounds within a language

Morphology (Word Parts):

Syntax: Putting Speech Together Arrangement of words in sentences (spoken language or written language)

Semantics (Word Meanings): Many words have more than one meaning

Pragmatics (Language in use)

Pragmatics (Language in use)

Theoretical Linguistics: Applied Linguistics Theoretical Linguistics: Phonetic Phonology Morphology Syntax Lexicology Semantic Socio linguistic Dialectology Ethno Language policies and planning Psycho Neuro On peut voir comment les domaines de la linguistique externe pourraient se relier à d’autres matières (neurologie, droit, anthropologie, sociologie, psychologie). Linguists are largely concerned with finding and describing the generalities and varieties both within particular languages and among all language. Applied linguistics takes the result of those findings and "applies" them to other areas. The term "applied linguistics" is often used to refer to the use of linguistic research in language teaching only[citation needed], but results of linguistic research are used in many other areas as well, such as lexicography and translation. "Applied linguistics" has been argued to be something of a misnomer[who?], since applied linguists focus on making sense of and engineering solutions for real-world linguistic problems, not simply "applying" existing technical knowledge from linguistics; moreover, they commonly apply technical knowledge from multiple sources, such as sociology (e.g. conversation analysis) and anthropology. Etc.

Lexicographer: dictionaries Foreign language teacher “What s‘it to me?” Branches and fields of linguistics: Language acquisition Psycholingusitics Sociolinguistics Differences between social classes, gender, age Language preservation Teaching Translation Lexicographer: dictionaries Foreign language teacher Translator Missionary Speech therapist Actor Branches and fields Anthropological linguistics, Semiotics, Philology, Discourse, Structuralism, Post-structuralism, Cognitive linguistics, Cognitive science, Comparative linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Varieties, Developmental linguistics, Discourse Analysis, Descriptive linguistics, Ecolinguistics, Embodied cognition, Endangered languages. History of linguistics, Historical linguistics, Intercultural competence, Lexicography/Lexicology, Linguistic typology, Evolutionary linguistics. Articulatory phonology, Biolinguistics, Computational linguistics, Biosemiotics, Articulatory synthesis, Machine translation, Natural language processing, Speaker recognition (authentication), Speech processing, Speech recognition, Speech synthesis, Concept Mining, Corpus linguistics, Critical discourse analysis, Cryptanalysis, Decipherment, Asemic writing, Grammar Writing. Forensic linguistics, Global language system, Glottometrics, Integrational linguistics, International Linguistic Olympiad, Language acquisition, Language attrition, Language engineering, Language geography, Metacommunicative competence, Microlinguistics, Natural Language Processing, Neurolinguistics, Orthography, Reading, Second language acquisition, Sociocultural linguistics, Stratificational linguistics, Text linguistics, Writing systems, Xenolinguistics.

When asked the meaning of « sinner » many of them replied: Language Acquisition They applied the rule that is used for adjectives like « big » that becomes « bigger », « fat », that becomes « fatter ». They did not yet realize that « sin » is a noun and they did not understand the meaning of the word. Once in Church, we asked the children in Sunday School to explain the meaning of complicated « christianees » words. When asked the meaning of « sinner » many of them replied: « More Sin »

Neurolinguistics: Language Anomalies

Sociolinguistics: Language differences between Social Classes:

Language Difference Between Different Generations

Language Difference Between Genders

Written or Spoken Language? Linguistics can study: Texting and it’s effects on written language

Preservation of Native Languages

Translation Linguists like the ones working for SIL or Wycliff need a good grasp of Linguistic Theory and Practice.

Difficulties in translation

Doubtful Translations

Sign Languages Vidéo : 7 minutes http://www.wycliffe.org.uk/news_06_PrayerVideo.html

Some words of caution concerning missionary work: