Introduction to Animal Science Large Animal Science Ms. Senff

Mind Moo-ver

Objectives Identify the 5 functions of domestic animals Describe conditions and requirements of domestic animals Define appropriate terminology related to animals Contrast the differences among animal breeds, species and types

Why do we choose to have animals?

Functions of Domestic Animals FOOD Meat Eggs Milk Honey

Functions of Domestic Animals Food CLOTHING Wool Leather Hair/Fur Feathers

Functions of Domestic Animals Food Clothing POWER Horses, mules, donkeys, burros Llamas, Alpacas Oxen, Water Buffalo, Reindeer, yak, camels

Functions of Domestic Animals Food Clothing Power RECREATION & COMPANIONSHIP Pleasure Horses Purebred herds & flocks Livestock exhibitions, shows, rodeos Horse Racing

Functions of Domestic Animals Food Clothing Power Companionship SERVICE Guide dogs for blind Police dogs Therapy animals

Terms: Wild Animal Not GENETICALLY altered by artificial selection for use by humans Genetically & behaviorally wild

Terms: Domestic Animal An animal that HAS been GENETICALLY altered from the original wild species for use by humans through ARTIFICIAL SELECTION. Genetically = domestic Behaviorally = domestic

TERMS: Tame Wild Animal A wild animal, that, through intervention of man, has adapted BEHAVIORALLY so as to be useful to humans. Genetically = wild Behaviorally = domestic

Terms: Feral Animal A DOMESTIC animal that lives in the WILD with no human assistance Genetically = Domestic Behaviorally = Wild

Requirements for animals to be “domesticated” The animal is VALUED and has PURPOSE The animal’s BREEDING is subject to human control The animal’s SURVIVAL depends upon humans The animal’s BEHAVIOR (psychology) is changed in domestication STRUCTURAL characteristics have appeared which occur rarely if at all in the wild.

Domestication Assignment In groups, research the domestication of the animal assigned. Prepare a 2-3 minute explanation for the class on your assigned species Answer the following questions: When & where was the animal domesticated? What animals were used for the creation of the domestic species? Who brought the first animals to America? When? What is their original purpose? Describe the current industry of the species (breeds, types, etc.) Species: Cattle Sheep Horses Swine Goats Poultry

Day 2 – Candid Candy Groupies! You will be assigned in groups of 3 Sort the candy into groups that have similarities in candy characteristics Think about questions such as: Is the candy hard? Is the candy chewy? Is it chocolate? Shape? Type of wrapper? Is the candy on a stick?

Classification of Living Things In order to study the billions of different organisms living on Earth, scientists have sorted and classified them based on their similarities and differences. This system of classification is also called TAXONOMY and usually features both English and Latin names for different divisions

Taxonomy and Linnaeus Taxonomy: The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships. The first individual to propose an orderly system for classifying the variety of organisms found on our planet was Linnaeus in 1753. Linnaeus suggested that every organism should be classified with a unique binomial name.

Binomial Names Binomial Names refer to a two-word system that scientifically names the organism. The first term in this classification system is the organism's generic name or Genus. The second term is the organism's specific name or species designation. Using the binomial name method of classification, humans are referred to as Homo sapiens. Every organism has a binomial name, first term is Genus or generic name, second term is species. Linnaeus was the first to create an orderly system. Bos Taurus (Scottish Highlander) Bos grunniens (Tibetan Yak)

Pick a livestock animal Create a Foldable Pick a livestock animal

Acronym! K P C O F G S What are some acronyms related to agriculture??

Kingdom Kingdom is the largest group in the taxonomic system and can be broken into 2 groups: Animalia Plantae

Hierarchy of Categories Kingdom Phylum Chordata – all vertebrates Class Farm Animals fall into either Mammalia or Aves Order Family Genus Species “Kyle Picked Cauliflower on Fred’s Garden Soil”

Class Mammalia Have 4 chambered hearts Warm blooded Have a diaphragm Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities Helps them breathe more efficiently Bodies are covered in hair/wool Embryos develop in the mother’s uterus Young are born alive Mothers secrete milk to nurse the young

Class Aves Have 4 chambered hearts Warm Blooded Bodies covered with feathers No diaphragm Have light, hollow bones Air sac system attached to the lungs Lay eggs in which their young develop Do not secrete milk Nourishment of the young in the egg, then from solid food at hatching

Species Species can be defined as any individual living thing that can reproduce with another of the same. Species are often divided into smaller groups Breeds Examples? Varieties Strains

Scientific Names of Livestock Includes its Genus and Species The Genus is capitalized Species name is NOT capitalized In written material, the scientific name will be underlined or italicized Examples: Cattle: Bos taurus or Bos taurus Horse: Equus caballus or Equus caballus NOW, IT’S YOUR TURN TO COMPLETE YOUR FOLDABLE WITH THE SPECIES OF YOUR CHOICE.

Scientific Names Knowing scientific names is important in Animal Science Professional or scientific publications will use scientific classification It could also be a SHOWMANSHIP question if you exhibit animals at the fair! Wildlife biologists frequently refer to birds by their scientific names.

Species VS. Breed Species – A group of closely related animals that can INTERBREED and produce FERTILE offspring Example? Breed – animals of common ORIGIN with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species

Livestock Breeds…Where do they fit? Purebreds are animals whose sire and dam are of the same breed. Crossbred animals are offspring resulting from the crossing of a male of one breed with a female of another breed.

Scientific Names for Livestock Breeds To the best of your ability, “translate” these names into their common species and name. The “ssp.” means subspecies, or breed. Sus scrofa ssp. Hampshire Ovis aries ssp. Suffolk Bos taurus ssp. Angus Gallus domesticus ssp. Leghorn Canis familiaris ssp. Dalmatian

Types of Livestock Each species of livestock has specific breeds that perform best for each purpose: Meat Type – Produce meat efficiently Dairy Type – Product meat & milk efficiently Ornamental – Don’t product milk or meat efficiently, chosen for beauty Performance – Chosen for performance traits

What are the benefits of Animal Agriculture?? Animals convert feed that humans CAN’T eat to foods humans CAN eat (poor hay, corn stalks, straw, etc.) Helps maintain FERTILITY of the land Personal satisfaction of working with domesticated animals May more fully utilize capital, machinery and wasteland (range).

What are the benefits of Animal Agriculture?? Animal proteins are superior to vegetable proteins for humans Animal proteins have improved amino acid balance over vegetable protein Milk – approximately 90% of milk for human consumption in the world comes from cattle Over 85% of the world population desire food of animal origin

Top States in Beef Production Texas Kansas Nebraska Oklahoma California

Top States in Dairy Production California Wisconsin New York Pennsylvania Michigan

Top States in Sheep Production Texas California Wyoming Colorado South Dakota

Top States in Goat Production Texas New Mexico Arizona Oklahoma California

Top States in Swine Production Iowa North Carolina Michigan Illinois Indiana

Top States in Layers Production California Ohio Indiana Pennsylvania Iowa

Top States in Broiler Production Arkansas Georgia Alabama North Carolina Mississippi

Top States in Turkey Production North Carolina Minnesota Arkansas Missouri California

Number of Farms & Ranches Texas Missouri Iowa Kentucky Minnesota

Land in Farms & Ranches Texas Montana Kansas Nebraska New Mexico