Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Drive Reduction Theory Motivation & Emotion Stress Sources Measures Theories Effects Coping Motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy.

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Presentation transcript:

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Drive Reduction Theory Motivation & Emotion Stress Sources Measures Theories Effects Coping Motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Drive Reduction Theory Arousal Theory Intrinsic/ Extrinsic Motivation Human Drives Theories of Emotion James-Lange Cognitive Appraisal Schachter two-factor Cannon-Bard Opponent Process We are here Explain complex motives (eating, aggression, achievement and sex)

Motivation Theories/Perspectives 1. Instinct/Evolutionary 2. Drive Reduction 3. Optimum Arousal 4. Maslow’s Hierarchy

1. Instinct Theory

INFANT Reflexes: Rooting: Sucking: Grasping: Babinski: Moro: https://youtu.be/v7_Y_jg2soc ; https://youtu.be/umesL6OcZG8 ; https://youtu.be/PTz-iVI2mf4 ; https://youtu.be/oI_ONptx2Ns; https://youtu.be/TidY4XPnFUM

Instinct Evolutionary Idea that instincts control behavior has been replaced by the evolutionary perspective, which searches for the adaptive functions of behavior

2. Drive-Reduction Perspective Our behavior is motivated by BIOLOGICAL NEEDS. Body wants to maintain homeostasis. When we are not, we have a internal need that creates a drive.

Drive Reduction Theory We are pushed by internal drives & pulled by external incentives.

Problems with Drive Reduction Theory Homeostasis is good for explaining thirst and hunger needs, but what about other things that motivate us, but are NOT needed for survival.

Drive reduction doesn’t explain…

Drive reduction doesn’t explain…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHtvDA0W34I

Arousal Theory People do things in order to seek out an optimal level of arousal for a given moment I want a high level or arousal – let’s do something epic tonight. I want a low level of arousal – let’s stay in tonight. I am bored with my life I need a new job. I am stressed at work, let’s take a vacation.

Optimum Arousal Theory Performance is best when arousal is moderate.

Abraham Maslow

4. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow said we are motivated by needs, and all needs are not created equal. We are driven to satisfy the lower level needs first.

Criticisms of Maslow’s Hierarchy Seen as far too simplistic. Does not predict or explain. People may not have to satisfy one kind of need before addressing another. The needs that are most important to people’s satisfaction with life do not always correspond to Maslow’s hierarchy. Ordering of needs varies among cultures.