Calcium Deficiency

Goals

Calcium Intake in the United States

IOM Conclusion About Vitamin D Intake in North America Is Controversial

Calcium Deficiency A Major Problem Worldwide

What We Will Discuss

Next You Will Hear From

Calcium Deficiency in Latin America

The Situation in Latin America

Difficulties in Defining the Problem

The Challenges

Global Dietary Calcium Intake

Reasons for Low Dietary Calcium Intake

Populations at Greatest Risk

Optimizing Calcium Intake Throughout the Lifespan

Targeted Interventions

Calcium Deficiency in Asia Pacific

The Situation in the Asia-Pacific Region

Calcium Intake

Calcium Intake in Adults in the Asia-Pacific Region Is Inadequate Gap Between Recommendations and Consumption

Calcium Intake and Trends in Children, Adolescents, and Older Adults in Australia

Calcium Intake in Children, Adolescents, and Older Adults in China Consecutive 3-Day, 24-Hour Dietary Recall*

Why Are RDIs Not Achieved?

Why Are RDIs Not Achieved? (cont)

Populations at Greatest Risk for Calcium Deficiency

Optimizing Calcium Intake in Australia

Calcium Supplementation An Important Strategy for Achieving Recommended Calcium Intake

Safety of Calcium Supplements Concerns About CV Risk

Calcium Supplements Help Australian Adults Achieve Recommended Intake

Low Calcium and Vitamin D Intake in Postmenopausal Korean Women

Calcium Supplementation and CVD:

Calcium Supplements and CV Risk

Calcium Supplements and Risk for MI

Limitations to the Meta-Analysis

Calcium Supplementation and Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases

National Osteoporosis Foundation and American Society for Preventive Cardiology

Summary

Summary (cont)

Abbreviations